ALL Flashcards
What is Cloud Computing?
It is a combination of hardware and software accessed over the Internet from a different site and with minimal effort from the end-users.
It refers to how everything, from computing power to computing infrastructure, applications, business processes, and personal collaboration, can be delivered as a service wherever and whenever needed.
It is a group of interconnected network servers or PCs that may be private or public. The data and the application served by the cloud are accessible to a group of users through the network.
It is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable resources (e.g. network, servers, storage, applications, and services that can be accessed with interaction from users and service providers .
What is the vision of CC?
To rent infrastructure.
Provide a Platform for development.
To save resources.
To save Time.
To save energy.
What are the characteristics of CC?
Cloud Computing is Elastic.
Mobile Phones.
On Demand Services.
Virtualization.
Model of Network Computing.
Service Oriented Architecture.
Pay-as-you-go.
One of characteristics of CC is Pay as you go. Explain it
Using cloud services, users are charged while using the resources. If there is no usage, no charges is charged.
One of characteristics of CC is Mobile Phone. Explain it
Cloud user can be able to use cloud services on their mobile phones
One of characteristics of CC is On Demand Services. Explain it
Cloud computing users can decide to choose the type of resources to be used based on their need in real time
One of characteristics of CC is Model of Network Computing. Explain it
All programs and applications runs on connected servers and not local computing devices
One of characteristics of CC is Virtualization. Explain it
Cloud Computing uses virtualization to run instead of only real hardware.
One of characteristics of CC is Service Oriented Architecture. Explain it
Cloud can help users to break problems into services and integrated to provide solutions.
What’re the CC Services?
Resources Reservation
Self Service Portal
Dynamic Resource Allocation
Dynamic work load management
Multi Tenancy
Scalability
Better Transparency and Performance
Better Security & Disaster recovery
One of services of CC is “Better Security & Disaster Recovery”. Explain it
Cloud Service provide should ensure better security at all level. Protect customers Data with extensive Data recovery.
One of services of CC is “Dynamic work load management”. Explain it
Resources automation and metering of usage is important to cloud computing.
One of services of CC is “Self Service Portal”. Explain it
Cloud Service Provider should offer self service to its customer.
One of services of CC is “Resources Reservation”. Explain it
Cloud should be able to provide additional resources or services to the customers when needed.
One of services of CC is “Scalability”. Explain it
Support Million of users with proven scalability.
One of services of CC is “Dynamic Resources Allocation”. Explain it
Resources distribution and re-distribution should be done when needed
One of services of CC is “Multi Tenancy”. Explain it
Deliver maximum scalability and performance to customer with multi tenant architecture
One of services of CC is “Better Transparency and Performance”. Explain it
Transparency, accurate, real time, consistency and high speed performance
What are the working principle of CC?
Front End
Back End
Cloud Service Provider (CSP)
One of Principle of CC is “Cloud Service Provider”. Explain it
The companies or organization that provide service to cloud users, the own all the infrastructures and responsible for delivering the service and maintain security.
One of Principle of CC is “Front End”. Explain it
Front End allow the user to access the data from the cloud via browser or any other service provider’s tool.
One of Principle of CC is “Back End”. Explain it
It is responsible for storing and securing data and information. It includes servers, computers databases and central servers.
What are the advantages of CC?
Resource Management
Saving Cost
Accessibility
Flexibility
Quick Service
Dynamic Scaling
High availability & Durability
Periodic workload
One of advantages of CC is “Saving Cost”. Explain it
By using cloud services, users or companies can escape hardware and software cost.
One of advantages of CC is “Accessibility”. Explain it
Cloud Computing allows access to resources anywhere, anytime.
One of advantages of CC is “Flexibility”. Explain it
Cloud computing provides a wide range of service options (i.e., Organizations can choose private, public, or hybrid cloud based on the need).
One of advantages of CC is “Quick Service “. Explain it
Cloud provide a quick service, secure with unlimited storage capacity.
One of advantages of CC is “Dynamic Scaling”. Explain it
Cloud Computing allows users to scale out and scale in based on the requirements of their uses.
One of advantages of CC is “High Availability & Durability”. Explain it
Cloud Computing ensures the availability of data 24/7. Data are replicated in multiple storage to ensure high availability.
One of advantages of CC is “Resource Management “. Explain it
Cloud service providers manage all resources, and in case of an update or any failure, cloud service providers will allocate other resources without affecting the user’s service.
One of advantages of CC is “Periodic Workload”. Explain it
Cloud users can use or cancel the service at any time they need. Charges will apply while running, and no charges will be incurred if the service is not needed or running.
What are the disadvantages of CC?
Complex, Security Issues, Physical Backup, Technology Failure, Risk of Migration to Cloud, Sensitivity of Data, Security & Privacy, Downtime, Limitation & Lack of Flexibility, Vendor Lock-in, Cost, Concern, Vulnerability of attack
One of disadvantages of CC is “ Complex”. Explain it
Cloud Services are more complex than traditional Computing services.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Security Issues”. Explain it
Depending on the type of CSP, security problems might arise.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Physical Backup”. Explain it
This is no physical backup from the consumers side. The customers will depend on CSP only.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Technology Failure”. Explain it
Risk of failure of cloud based technology may affect the organization subscribed to the cloud.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Risk of Migration to Cloud”. Explain it
Migrating to cloud must be cautioned and analyzed.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Sensitivity of Data”. Explain it
For critical Company’s applications, factors like security, availability, compliance and performance must be considered
One of disadvantages of CC is “Downtime”. Explain it
Since every service is accessed online, performance and failure might be an issue.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Security & Privacy”. Explain it
Security and privacy of data and infrastructure might be a concern.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Limitation & Lack of Flexibility”. Explain it
Since all infrastructure and services are managed by CSP, Organization may face control limit and flexibility.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Vendor Lock-in”. Explain it
It is difficult to migrate from one CSP to another CSP due to contracts, cost and migration of data complicity.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Vulnerability of attack”. Explain it
Cloud may be unsafe when it comes to Public and Hybrid Cloud Computing.
One of disadvantages of CC is “Cost Concern”. Explain it
Cost of CC and infrastructure might be a concern.
Compare between Transitional and CC in Energy Consumption
CC: Due to the huge amount of Data centers. Cloud Computing Consume a lot of energy and carbon emission.
Traditional: Energy will depend on the size of the servers and control room.
Compare between Transitional and CC in Performance
CC: Performance can be degraded due to Traffic and internet connectivity.
Traditional: Performance is always better due to local area network.
What does CC Deployment model mean?
Cloud Computing Deployment models offer multiple services that will vary from the type and level of privacy and security CSP provide to Cloud Consumers.
Cloud Computing Deployment models are the type of cloud the users consume. They define the relationship between cloud service providers and users.
What are the types of Cloud Deployment Models of CC?
Public, Private, Hybrid, Community
What is Public Deployment Model?
This deployment model is owned by a cloud service provider (CSP). The Public accesses it with multiple Organization.
What are the advantages of Public Cloud?
No Infrastructure Cost
Low Cost
Save Time
No Infrastructure Management & Maintenance
One of advantages of Public Cloud is “Low Cost”. Explain it
It is cheap in term of cost due sharing of resources with other organizations.
One of advantages of Public Cloud is “Save Time”. Explain it
Cloud consumers will not have to setup, testing or troubleshooting, all services are available 24/7.
One of advantages of Public Cloud is “No. infrastructure Cost”. Explain it
CSP is responsible for the infrastructure cost. Cloud consumers will not have any infrastructure cost.
One of advantages of Public Cloud is “No. Infrastructure Management & Maintenance”. Explain it
CSP are responsible for Infrastructure Management and Maintenance.
What are the Disadvantages of Public Cloud?
Limited Personalization
Data Security Issue
Performance Degradation
Reliability Risk
One of disadvantages of Public Cloud is “Data Security Issue”. Explain it
Security risk due to sharing of infrastructure by multiple organizations.
One of disadvantages of Public Cloud is “Performance Degradation”. Explain it
Low performance may happed due to overload to the data center.
One of disadvantages of Public Cloud is “Limited Personalization”. Explain it
Due to sharing of resources by multiple organizations, personalization is limited.
One of disadvantages of Public Cloud is “Reliability Risk”. Explain it
Due open resource sharing to multiple organization, malfunction and other server issue may happen.
What is Private Deployment Model?
This deployment model is used by a single organization and there is no sharing of resources to the public.
The private Deployment Model owned by an organization is managed and fully controlled by a specific organization. They are not hosted by CSP.
This deployment model is used by a single organization and there is no sharing of resources to the public.
The private deployment model can be owned by CSP or by a specified organization.
What are the advantages of Private Cloud?
Better customization
Strong Data Privacy & Security
Full Control
Support of Legacy System
One of advantages of Private Cloud is “Strong Data Privacy & Security “. Explain it
Data security and privacy is high due to organization self infrastructure management.
One of advantages of Private Cloud is “Better Customization”. Explain it
Organizations are able to customize everything as per their requirement .
One of advantages of Private Cloud is “Full Control”. Explain it
Due to private usage, organization are able to control al the infrastructure , IT Operation and all privileges
One of advantages of Private Cloud is “Support of Legacy System”. Explain it
Private cloud can support legacy system and applications (old or outdated)
What are the disadvantages of Private Cloud?
Maintenance Cost
Scalability might be limited
High Cost
One of disadvantages of Private Cloud is “High Cost”. Explain it
Due to Dedicated serviced, training and high security, cost is higher than other models.
One of disadvantages of Private Cloud is “Scalability might be limited”. Explain it
As is privately owned, scalability maybe an issue due to the availability of hardware.
One of disadvantages of Private Cloud is “Maintenance Cost”. Explain it
Since it is managed and controlled privately, hardware and software cost will add to cost.
What is the Hybrid Deployment Model?
A hybrid Deployment Model is a combination of more than one deployment model such as private and public cloud and even community.
In a hybrid Deployment Model, Organizations can store critical data in private and noncritical data in public deployment model.
In a hybrid Deployment Model, Organizations can utilize cloud-bursting, if the applications can be used both in premises and in public due to heavy load.
What are the advantages of Hybrid Cloud?
Security
Cost Efficiency
Control & Flexibility
One of advantages of Hybrid Cloud is “Control & Flexibility”. Explain it
Organization can choose and decide on which model to store data. Easy to control the data.
One of advantages of Hybrid Cloud is “Cost Efficiency”. Explain it
Due to multiple models, cloud users may pay less depending on the service they need.
What are the disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud?
Maintenance
Complex
Hard to separate Critical & Non Critical Case
One of disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud is “Complex”. Explain it
CSP will have complexity as they need to combine more than one architecture.
One of disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud is “Hard to separate Critical & Non Critical Case”. Explain it
Organization may find it hard to segregate critical and non critical data.
One of disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud is “Maintenance”. Explain it
Maintenance might be an issue due to multiple cloud architecture.
What is the community Deployment Model?
The community Deployment Model is a multitenant platform organizations with the same interests and goals use. A good example is the number of banks sharing the same cloud.
What are the advantages of Community Cloud?
Security
Cost saving
Better Collaboration
One of advantages of Community Cloud is “Better Collaboration”. Explain it
Community cloud allows better collaboration due to the sharing of the same interests.
One of advantages of Community Cloud is “Cost Saving”. Explain it
Involvement of multiple organization will allow sharing of cost.
One of advantages of Community Cloud is “Security”. Explain it
Community cloud is always secured as organization share the same standard and agreement.
What are the disadvantages of Community Cloud?
Not Widely Used
Data Segregation
Complex technical Requirement
One of disadvantages of Community Cloud is “Complex technical requirement “. Explain it
Organizations may require different requirement and standard which may increase the need for resources.
One of disadvantages of Community Cloud is “Data Segregation”. Explain it
Separation of data might be an issue and this may cause security issue.
One of disadvantages of Community Cloud is “Not Widely Used”. Explain it
Since community is not widely used, many CSP does not offer. Less resource for organization to learn.
What is Cloud Service Model?
Cloud Computing Service models are the types of services that are offered by different CSPs within Cloud Computing Deployment models.
What are the Types of CC Service Model?
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
What does IaaS means?
IaaS is a service model that is very flexible and allows organizations to rent and customize
IaaS consists of a robust infrastructure that is managed over the Internet.
IaaS is a service model that gives complete control of the hardware (servers, storage, and network) that runs the applications.
What are the advantages of IaaS?
Flexibility
Add New Innovation
On Demand Access
Reduce Cost
One of advantages of IaaS is “Reduce Cost”. Explain it
IaaS provides a better cost saving than having own infrastructure.
One of advantages of IaaS is “On Demand Access”. Explain it
In IaaS, payment is done by usage, pay as you go. No need to invest on hardware.
One of advantages of IaaS is “Flexibility”. Explain it
Based on the organization needs, the infrastructure can be added or removed.
One of advantages of IaaS is “Add New Innovation”. Explain it
Organizations can add new capabilities with a simple step
What are the disadvantages of IaaS?
Lock-in of vendor
Lack of performance
Issue of Security Risk
Unexpected cost
One of disadvantages of IaaS is “Unexpected Cost”. Explain it
Overuse of resources without control or plan may bring unexpected cost.
One of disadvantages of IaaS is “Issue of Security Risk”. Explain it
CSPs may be responsible for Infrastructure and organization maybe responsible for any loss of data.
One of disadvantages of IaaS is “Lack of Performance “. Explain it
Performance can be an issue due to broadband connectivity or failure in network etc.
One of disadvantages of IaaS is “Lock-in of Vendor”. Explain it
Once joined in one CSP, it is not easy to migrate to another due to contract and agreement.
What does PaaS means?
PaaS is a service model that allows organizations or individuals to use a read-made development environment to create, run, and execute programs.
PaaS is a service model that helps users develop applications without needing operating systems, web servers, web servers, or any database.
What are the advantages of Paas?
Better Security
Better Availability
Reduced Cost
Faster
One of advantages of PaaS is “Faster”. Explain it
Development is faster as all facilities and software are available.
One of advantages of PaaS is “Reduce Cost”. Explain it
The organization will prosper on development only without taking care of maintenance and upgrading.
One of advantages of PaaS is “Better Security”. Explain it
All applications in PaaS are locked with high security and available to authenticated personnel.
One of advantages of PaaS is “Better Availability”. Explain it
Applications in PaaS are guaranteed to be available even during failure and maintenance.
What are the disadvantages of Paas?
Compatibility issues
Security Risk
Dependence of vendors
Lock-in risks
One of disadvantages of PaaS is “Security Risk”. Explain it
Though infrastructure and platform are secured, the application might be corrupted
One of disadvantages of PaaS is “Dependence of vendors”. Explain it
What you see is what you get, it may not be possible to use the same platform. Capability might be limited.
One of disadvantages of PaaS is “Lock-in risks”. Explain it
Organizations and users maybe locked in with the interface , platform and language the do not need.
One of disadvantages of PaaS is “Compatibility issues”. Explain it
The existing organization systems may not be compatible to that of CSPs.
What does SaaS mean?
SaaS is a service model that allow users and organization to access and use available software online.
In SaaS, all the products are managed by CSPs. Organizations don’t manage infrastructure or software.
What are the advantages of SaaS?
Intelligent Tools
Less Cost of Ownership
Data Storage
Better Security
One of advantages of SaaS is “Less Cost of Ownership”. Explain it
In SaaS, there is no cost of software license and upgrading; organizations do not worry about infrastructure.
One of advantages of SaaS is “Data Storage”. Explain it
Unlimited Data storage is offered by CSPs
One of advantages of SaaS is “Better Security”. Explain it
Since Software are accessed on secured servers 24/7, Security is much better than onsite servers.
One of advantages of SaaS is “Intelligent Tools”. Explain it
In SaaS software are offered with special tools that makes work faster and smarter.
What are the disadvantages of Saas?
Performance issues
Security Risk
Loss of Control
Limited Customization
One of disadvantages of SaaS is “Security Risk”. Explain it
Though SaaS is secured, security measures should be taken to protect sensitive data.
One of disadvantages of SaaS is “Loss of Control”. Explain it
Most of control and management are done by CSPs, organizations will have limitations.
One of disadvantages of SaaS is “Performance Issue”. Explain it
Organization may face latency issue due to online usage.
One of disadvantages of SaaS is “Limited Customization”. Explain it
Organizations may have very minimal customizations.
What are the layers of Cloud Service Models?
SaaS:
Application, Data, Runtime, middleware, O/S, Virilization, Servers, Storage, Networking
PaaS:
Runtime, middleware, O/S, Virilization, Servers, Storage, Networking
IaaS:
Virilization, Servers, Storage, Networking
What is the Cloud Computing Architecture?
Cloud computing architecture is defined as a process by which cloud technologies such as cloud hardware, software, virtualization, and networks interact to make a cloud environment function.
What are the components of CC Architecture?
Back End Platform
Front End Platform
Cloud Based Delivery models
Cloud Network
One of the components of CC Architecture is “Front End Platform”. Explain it
Front End allow the user to access the data from the cloud via browser, client application, user interface, client network, client devices etc.
One of the components of CC Architecture is “Cloud Based Delivery Models”. Explain it
These models are responsible for delivering different services from cloud computing to cloud consumers.
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One of the components of CC Architecture is “Back End Platform”. Explain it
This is where the cloud manages all the services. It includes servers, virtualization, storage, security, management etc.
One of the components of CC Architecture is “Cloud Network”. Explain it
This is robust network infrastructure that connects and interlink all the cloud architecture, it includes intranet, internet and inter-cloud)
What is the Cloud Computing Reference Model?
The Cloud Computing Reference Model (CCRM) was created to establish a standardized cloud modeling process.
What are the Supporting Models of CC Reference Model?
Cloud Computing Enablement Model
Cloud Governance & Operation Model
Cloud Ecosystem Model
Cloud Deployment Models
Explain “Cloud Computing Enablement Model”
This is a core model for CCRM, it involves the fundamental technology provided by CSPs to consumers.
Explain “Cloud Ecosystem Model”
This consist the requirement for developing and sustaining cloud Ecosystem. It consist of CSP, Cloud consumers, cloud network etc.
Explain “Cloud Governance & Operational Model “
This provides the governance, support, management, security operations, and monitoring requirements.
Explain “Cloud Physical Tier”
This provide physical computing, storage, network and security.
Explain “Cloud Business Tier”
This comprises of business enabled applications, software, content, data, knowledge, analysis framework & consumption model to facilitate between cloud & consumers.
Explain “Cloud Operating System Tier”
This provide cloud virtualization application, billing, metering. Load balancing, workflow and related cloud platform functionality.
Explain “Cloud Platform Tier”
This provide technical solution, application and messaging middleware, applications servers etc.
Explain “Cloud Virtualization Tier”
This provide core physical hardware for virtualization purpose
What is Cloud Computing Security?
Cloud Computing Security comprises a group of technologies, protocols, and other applications designed to protect the cloud computing environment.
What are the security issues associated with cloud?
Data Center Security Issue
Proper Authentication
Access Control
Cloud-Based Application
24/7 Availability of service
Mobile Devices
One of the security issues associated with cloud is “ Data Center Security Issue”. Explain it
Infrastructure and Data are accessed via the internet from Data center. Security is vulnerable.
One of the security issues associated with cloud is “ Proper Authentication”. Explain it
Authentication of different users should be provided with high security.
One of the security issues associated with cloud is “ Cloud-Based Application”. Explain it
Applications are very vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Proper scan & protection is needed.
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One of the security issues associated with cloud is “ Access Control”. Explain it
Access control is very imperative, strict security to authenticated users to cloud infrastructure and applications.
One of the security issues associated with cloud is “ Mobile Devices”. Explain it
Mobile devices has made it easy for hackers to penetrate.
One of the security issues associated with cloud is “ 24/7 Availability of Service”. Explain it
Due to 24/7 service provided by CSPs, infrastructure, applications and data are very vulnerable.
What are the Computing Security Control?
Corrective controls
Deterrent Controls
Detective Controls
Preventive Controls
One of the Computing Security Control is “Deterrent Controls”. Explain it
These are the control to prevent any attack on cloud system. They are warning signs.
One of the Computing Security Control is “Corrective Controls”. Explain it
These reduces the effect of the attack. Action are done while the attacks are taking place
One of the Computing Security Control is “Detective Controls”. Explain it
These detect attacks that are to occur in the cloud. All the signals will be sent to preventive or corrective control to address the issue.
One of the Computing Security Control is “Preventive Controls”. Explain it
These control manages vulnerabilities. They cover the attacks and reduce damages and violation to security.
What is the Scope Cloud Security?
Operating System
End users Hardware
Cloud Virtualization Framework
Data servers
Cloud Virtualization Framework
Data servers
Physical network
Middleware
Data Storage
Data
One of the Scope Cloud Security is “Physical Network”. Explain it
Protect routers, switches, electrical power, cabling, climate etc.
One of the Scope Cloud Security is “Data Servers”. Explain it
This is done to network cloud hardware and software
One of the Scope Cloud Security is “Cloud Virtualization Framework”. Explain it
This protect virtual machines (servers & Clients) and virtual machine software
One of the Scope Cloud Security is “Middleware”. Explain it
Application programming interface management
One of the Scope Cloud Security is “Data Storage”. Explain it
This done to the data hard drives
What are the disadvantages of CC?
Complex
Security Issues
Physical Backup
Technology Failure
Risk of Migration to Cloud
Sensitivity of Data
Downtime
Security and Privacy
One of the Scope Cloud Security is “Data”. Explain it
All the data that is stored, accessed or modified.
One of the Scope Cloud Security is “Operating System”. Explain it
Software such Hypervisor and other OS.
One of the Scope Cloud Security is “End users Hardware”. Explain it
This include mobile devices, computers, IoT devices etc.
What is Cloud Management Mechanism?
This is the process of managing the entire cloud system, which starts from the CSPs to Cloud clients. It involves setup, configuration, maintenance, and monitoring.
What are the types of Cloud Management Mechanism?
Resource Management System
Remote Administration
SLA Management System
Billing Management System
One of the types of Cloud Management Mechanism is “Remote Administration”. Explain it
This is responsible to provide tools and user interface that are used for external monitoring of external resources of cloud.
One of the types of Cloud Management Mechanism is “Resource Management System”. Explain it
This is the mechanism used to manage IT resources due to the action done by CSPs or Cloud Clients. Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) is the main component.
One of the types of Cloud Management Mechanism is “SLA Management System”. Explain it
These are technologies that are made to monitor SLA from the CSP and clients. They can monitor the SLA provisions, penalties etc.
One of the types of Cloud Management Mechanism is “Billing Management System”. Explain it
This is the mechanism that is used to monitor the usage of cloud services by CSP to Cloud client, it is mostly generated as pay per use.
What does the meaning of Cloud Computing Technologies?
Cloud Computing Technologies are the set of tools that enable cloud computing to operate.
Cloud Computing technologies enable the cloud to provide access to files, storage, software, platforms, servers, virtual machines, etc.
What are the the Cloud Computing Technologies?
Grid Computing
Virtualization
Data Centers
Hypervisor
One of the Cloud Computing Technologies is “Data Centers”. Explain it
Data center is the physical location that consist of network computing such as hardware, software, storage devices and network equipment.
One of the Cloud Computing Technologies is “Hypervisor”. Explain it
This software within a computing virtual environment creates and runs multiple virtual machines (VMs).
One of the Cloud Computing Technologies is “Virtualization”. Explain it
Virtualization is a technology that allows to create a virtual machines, storage, speed network from a real physical machine.
One of the Cloud Computing Technologies is “Grid Computing”. Explain it
This is the type of computing used within the cloud computing environment. It combines multiple Computer resources distributed in multiple geographical location.
What are the components of Data Centers?
Storage System
Switches
Routers
Firewall
Application Delivery Controller
Servers
One of the components of Data Centers is “Routers”. Explain it
This is a network devices that interconnect one network to another network. They forward data packets between networks
One of the components of Data Centers is “Switches”. Explain it
Network switch is a device that connects all the computers to the network
One of the components of Data Centers is “Firewall”. Explain it
This protect virtual machines (servers & Clients) and virtual machine software
One of the components of Data Centers is “Application Delivery Controller”. Explain it
Software such Hypervisor and other OS.
Explain each types of Hypervisors.
Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare metal)
A type 1 “bare metal” is the hypervisor installed on the empty server without any operating system.
24/7 Availability of service
Type 2 hypervisor is a hypervisor which operating system is installed on the hardware before the actual hypervisor
