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1
Q

Albuterol (Proventil)

A

Class: bronchodilator, sympathomimetic, beta-2 agonist

MOA: beta-2 selective, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and peripheral vasculature

Dose: 2.5 mg/3 mL, 3-4x

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2
Q

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

A

Class: glucocorticoid

MOA: inhibits prostaglandins, suppresses inflammation, potentiates beta-2 agonists

Adult dose: IV/IM - 4-20 mg/dose/day, high dose 0.4-0.8 mg/kg (max 40 mg)

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3
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Class: antihistamine

MOA: blocks H1 and H2 receptors to prevent histamine uptake, adjunct for anaphylaxis, certain extrapyramidal reactions

Adult dose: 1 mg/kg (max 50 mg)

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4
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)

A

Class: nonbarbiturate hypnotic, anesthetic

MOA: acts on reticular activating system to produce anesthesia

Dose: 0.2-0.6 mg/kg IV over 30-60 seconds

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5
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin)

A

Class: sympathomimetic

MOA: alpha, beta-1, and beta-2 agonist, antagonizes histamine

Respiratory dose: 0.3 mg IM, repeat 5-15 mins

Cardiac dose: arrest - 10 mL of 0.1 mg/mL, hypotension - 0.1 mg/mL in 9 mL NS

Infusion dose: 2-20 mcg/min

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6
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

A

Class: anticholinergic, bronchodilator

MOA: blocks ACH at bronchial smooth muscle

Dose: 0.5 mg in 2.5 mL, 3x max

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7
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)

A

Class: nonbarbiturate anesthetic

MOA: blocks pain impulses at limbic/cortex, produces dissociative anesthesia and amnesia

Dose: 2 mg/kg IV, 4 mg/kg IM

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8
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A

Class: electrolyte, anticonvulsant, class V antidysrhythmic

MOA: reduces striated muscle contractions, blocks ACH at neuromuscular junction, slows SA node, enhances calcium/potassium/sodium movement in/out of cells

Respiratory dose: 2 g over 10-15 mins

Cardiac dose: pulse - 2 g in 50-100 mL D5 over 5-60 mins, pulseless - 2 g in 10mL of D5 over 1-2 mins

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9
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

A

Class: glucocorticoid

MOA: suppresses inflammation, inhibits prostaglandins, potentiates beta adrenergists, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone

Adult dose: 2 mg/kg (max 125 mg) IV

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10
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A

Class: short-acting benzo, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic

MOA: binds to GABA receptors in limbic/reticular activating system to produce amnesia

Adult dose: 0.2 mg/kg, max 10 mg

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11
Q

Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)

A

Class: vasodilator

MOA: dilates arterioles and veins in periphery, reduces pre and afterload

Respiratory dose: 0.8 mg (SBP >160), 1.2 mg (SBP >200), infusion – 10 - 200 mcg/min

Cardiac dose: SBP>90, 0.4 mg SL, max 1.2 mg

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12
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Class: alpha-1 agonist

MOA: constricts vessels in nose

Dose: 1-2 sprays/nostril

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13
Q

Racemic Epinephrine (Micronefrin)

A

Class: sympathomimetic

MOA: beta-2 agonist, inhibits histamine

Dose: 0.5 mL solution in 5 mL NS

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14
Q

Succinylcholine (Anectine)

A

Class: depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

MOA: binds to ACH receptors

Dose: 1-1.5 mg/kg IV/IO, 3-4 mg/kg IM

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15
Q

Calcium Chloride

A

Class: electrolyte

MOA: hypertonic solution that improves cardiac contractility

Dose: 5-10 mL of 10% over 5-10 mins

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16
Q

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

A

Class: sympathomimetic

MOA: alpha and beta-1 adrenergist

Dose: 4 mg in 250mL D5, infuse at 0.02-0.4 mcg/kg/min (titrate to effect)

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17
Q

Dopamine (Intropin)

A

Class: sympathomimetic

MOA: primarily acts on alpha-1 and beta-1, positive inotropy with neutral chrono/dromo

Dose: cardiac - 2-10 mcg/kg/min, pressor - 10-20 mcg/kg/min

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18
Q

Verapamil (Calan)

A

Class: Class IV antidysrhythmic (calcium)

MOA: blocks calcium movement into cells, slows AV conduction, prolongs AV refractory period

Dose: 2-5 mg over 2 mins, repeat 5-10 mg if needed

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19
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A

Class: Class IV antidysrhythmic (calcium)

MOA: blocks calcium movement into cardiac cells, slows AV conduction, increases AV refractoriness

Dose: cardiac - 0.25 mg/kg over 2 minutes, follow with 0.35 mg/kg, maintenance - 125 mg in 100 mL D5

20
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Class: loop diuretic

MOA: inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle

Dose: 0.5-1 mg/kg over 1-2 mins, follow with 2 mg/kg

21
Q

Aspirin

A

Class: antiplatelet, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic

MOA: decreases platelet aggregation

Dose: 160-324 mg PO

22
Q

Morphine Sulfate (Astramorph)

A

Class: opioid analgesic

MOA: increases venous capacitance, decreases venous return

Dose: 2-4 mg, follow with 2-8 mg

23
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Atropine)

A

Class: anticholinergic

MOA: inhibits ACH at muscarinic receptors

Cardiac dose: 1 mg, 3 mg max

Poisoning dose: 1-2 mg over 5-15 mins, maintenance of 2-4 mg every 1-4 hrs

24
Q

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

Class: Class IB antidysrhythmic (sodium)

MOA: raises VFib threshold, suppresses PVCs

Dose: pulseless - 1-1.5 mg/kg, pulse - 0.5-0.75 mg/kg

25
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

A

Class: Class III antidysrhythmic

MOA: prolongs refractory period and action potential

Dose: pulseless - 300 mg, then 150 mg, pulse - 150 mg over 10 mins, slow infusion - 1 mg/min over 6 hours, maintenance - 0.5 mg/min over 18 hours

26
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard)

A

Class: endogenous nucleoside, Class V antidysrhythmic (miscellaneous)

MOA: decreases conduction through AV node, negative chrono effects

Dose: 6 mg with 20cc, then 12 mg with 20cc

27
Q

Dextrose

A

Class: carbohydrate, hypertonic solution

MOA: 6-carbon sugar form of glucose, primary body carbohydrate

Dose: incremental doses up to 25 g (50mL of 50%, 250mL of 10%)

28
Q

Glucagon (Baqsimi)

A

Class: pancreatic hormone, antihypoglycemic agent

MOA: secreted by alpha cells in pancreas, supports glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Dose: 1 mg or 3 mg IN, repeat in 7-10 mins

29
Q

Vasopressin (Vasostrict)

A

Class: vasoactive agent, antidiuretic hormone analog

MOA: low doses stimulate V1 receptors to increase systemic vascular resistance, higher doses stimulate V2 receptors to increase water permeability at the renal tubule

Dose: 0.03-0.04 units/min continuous infusion

30
Q

Hydrocortisone Succinate (Solu-Cortef)

A

Class: corticosteroid

MOA: causes sodium retention, overlaps with Solu-Medrol and Decadon

Dose: 2 mg/kg, max 100 mg

31
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

Class: benzodiazepine

MOA: raises seizure thresholds, can induce amnesia/sedation

Seizure dose: 5-10 mg, 10-20 mg for AChE inhibitor seizures

Electric dose: 5-15 mg

32
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

Class: antiemetic

MOA: blocks 5-HT3 receptors

Dose: 4 mg, max 16 mg

33
Q

Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

A

Class: opioid analgesic

MOA: binds to opioid receptors in the brain, synthetic opioid

Dose: 1 mcg/kg, max 100 mcg

34
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

A

Class: cholinesterase reactivator, antidote

MOA: reactivates acetylcholinesterase to allow ACH degradation

Dose: 30 mg/kg (max 2 g) IVP, infuse at 8-10 mg/kg/h

35
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Class: benzodiazepine

MOA: antianxiety and anticonvulsant

Dose: 2 mg IV (diluted), 4 mg IM

36
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Class: buffer

MOA: reacts with hydrogen ions to form water and CO2

Dose: 1mEq/kg

37
Q

Activated Charcoal (Actidose)

A

Class: adsorbent

MOA: binds with toxins and drugs

Dose: 1 g/kg (30-100 kg)

38
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A

Class: opioid antagonist

MOA: competitively binds to opioid receptors

Dose: 0.4-2 mg (6-10 mg max)

39
Q

Esmolol (Brevibloc)

A

Class: beta-1 blocker

MOA: short-acting cardioselective beta blocker (continuous infusion)

Dose: 500 mcg/kg over 1 min, then 50-300 mcg/kg/min

40
Q

Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit)

A

Class: vitamin, antidote

MOA: vitamin B12 binds with cyanide ions, excretes through urine

Dose: 5 g over 15 mins followed by additional 5 g if necessary

41
Q

Labetalol (Trandate)

A

Class: alpha/beta adrenergic blocker

MOA: competitive alpha-1 and nonselective beta antagonist

Dose: 10-20 mg over 2 mins, repeat every 10 to max of 300 mg

42
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Class: beta blocking agent

MOA: Competitive beta antagonist

Dose: 5 mg over 5 mins, total of 15 mg

43
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)

A

Class: cholinesterase reactivator

MOA: reactivates acetylcholinesterase to degrade ACH

ACH overdose: 600 mg IM every 15 mins, 3x

Nerve agent dose: 30 mg/kg (max 2 g), then infuse 8-10 mg/kg/hr (max 1800 mg for severe cases)

44
Q

Sodium Nitrate

A

Class: antidote, vasodilator

MOA: binds to cyanide molecules to create less toxic substance

Dose: 300 mg/10 mL over 3-5 mins

45
Q

Sodium Thiosulfate (Nithidote)

A

Class: antidote

MOA: donates sulfur molecules to convert cyanide to less harmful substance

Dose: 12.5 g over 30 mins

46
Q

Thiamine (Betaxin)

A

Class: vitamin B1

MOA: promotes carbohydrate metabolism

Dose: 100 mg slow IV

Drug Profiles (2 decks)

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