ALL Flashcards
Albuterol (Proventil)
Class: bronchodilator, sympathomimetic, beta-2 agonist
MOA: beta-2 selective, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and peripheral vasculature
Dose: 2.5 mg/3 mL, 3-4x
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Class: glucocorticoid
MOA: inhibits prostaglandins, suppresses inflammation, potentiates beta-2 agonists
Adult dose: IV/IM - 4-20 mg/dose/day, high dose 0.4-0.8 mg/kg (max 40 mg)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Class: antihistamine
MOA: blocks H1 and H2 receptors to prevent histamine uptake, adjunct for anaphylaxis, certain extrapyramidal reactions
Adult dose: 1 mg/kg (max 50 mg)
Etomidate (Amidate)
Class: nonbarbiturate hypnotic, anesthetic
MOA: acts on reticular activating system to produce anesthesia
Dose: 0.2-0.6 mg/kg IV over 30-60 seconds
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Class: sympathomimetic
MOA: alpha, beta-1, and beta-2 agonist, antagonizes histamine
Respiratory dose: 0.3 mg IM, repeat 5-15 mins
Cardiac dose: arrest - 10 mL of 0.1 mg/mL, hypotension - 0.1 mg/mL in 9 mL NS
Infusion dose: 2-20 mcg/min
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Class: anticholinergic, bronchodilator
MOA: blocks ACH at bronchial smooth muscle
Dose: 0.5 mg in 2.5 mL, 3x max
Ketamine (Ketalar)
Class: nonbarbiturate anesthetic
MOA: blocks pain impulses at limbic/cortex, produces dissociative anesthesia and amnesia
Dose: 2 mg/kg IV, 4 mg/kg IM
Magnesium Sulfate
Class: electrolyte, anticonvulsant, class V antidysrhythmic
MOA: reduces striated muscle contractions, blocks ACH at neuromuscular junction, slows SA node, enhances calcium/potassium/sodium movement in/out of cells
Respiratory dose: 2 g over 10-15 mins
Cardiac dose: pulse - 2 g in 50-100 mL D5 over 5-60 mins, pulseless - 2 g in 10mL of D5 over 1-2 mins
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Class: glucocorticoid
MOA: suppresses inflammation, inhibits prostaglandins, potentiates beta adrenergists, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone
Adult dose: 2 mg/kg (max 125 mg) IV
Midazolam (Versed)
Class: short-acting benzo, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic
MOA: binds to GABA receptors in limbic/reticular activating system to produce amnesia
Adult dose: 0.2 mg/kg, max 10 mg
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
Class: vasodilator
MOA: dilates arterioles and veins in periphery, reduces pre and afterload
Respiratory dose: 0.8 mg (SBP >160), 1.2 mg (SBP >200), infusion – 10 - 200 mcg/min
Cardiac dose: SBP>90, 0.4 mg SL, max 1.2 mg
Phenylephrine
Class: alpha-1 agonist
MOA: constricts vessels in nose
Dose: 1-2 sprays/nostril
Racemic Epinephrine (Micronefrin)
Class: sympathomimetic
MOA: beta-2 agonist, inhibits histamine
Dose: 0.5 mL solution in 5 mL NS
Succinylcholine (Anectine)
Class: depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
MOA: binds to ACH receptors
Dose: 1-1.5 mg/kg IV/IO, 3-4 mg/kg IM
Calcium Chloride
Class: electrolyte
MOA: hypertonic solution that improves cardiac contractility
Dose: 5-10 mL of 10% over 5-10 mins
Norepinephrine (Levophed)
Class: sympathomimetic
MOA: alpha and beta-1 adrenergist
Dose: 4 mg in 250mL D5, infuse at 0.02-0.4 mcg/kg/min (titrate to effect)
Dopamine (Intropin)
Class: sympathomimetic
MOA: primarily acts on alpha-1 and beta-1, positive inotropy with neutral chrono/dromo
Dose: cardiac - 2-10 mcg/kg/min, pressor - 10-20 mcg/kg/min
Verapamil (Calan)
Class: Class IV antidysrhythmic (calcium)
MOA: blocks calcium movement into cells, slows AV conduction, prolongs AV refractory period
Dose: 2-5 mg over 2 mins, repeat 5-10 mg if needed
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Class: Class IV antidysrhythmic (calcium)
MOA: blocks calcium movement into cardiac cells, slows AV conduction, increases AV refractoriness
Dose: cardiac - 0.25 mg/kg over 2 minutes, follow with 0.35 mg/kg, maintenance - 125 mg in 100 mL D5
Furosemide (Lasix)
Class: loop diuretic
MOA: inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle
Dose: 0.5-1 mg/kg over 1-2 mins, follow with 2 mg/kg
Aspirin
Class: antiplatelet, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic
MOA: decreases platelet aggregation
Dose: 160-324 mg PO
Morphine Sulfate (Astramorph)
Class: opioid analgesic
MOA: increases venous capacitance, decreases venous return
Dose: 2-4 mg, follow with 2-8 mg
Atropine Sulfate (Atropine)
Class: anticholinergic
MOA: inhibits ACH at muscarinic receptors
Cardiac dose: 1 mg, 3 mg max
Poisoning dose: 1-2 mg over 5-15 mins, maintenance of 2-4 mg every 1-4 hrs
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Class: Class IB antidysrhythmic (sodium)
MOA: raises VFib threshold, suppresses PVCs
Dose: pulseless - 1-1.5 mg/kg, pulse - 0.5-0.75 mg/kg
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Class: Class III antidysrhythmic
MOA: prolongs refractory period and action potential
Dose: pulseless - 300 mg, then 150 mg, pulse - 150 mg over 10 mins, slow infusion - 1 mg/min over 6 hours, maintenance - 0.5 mg/min over 18 hours
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Class: endogenous nucleoside, Class V antidysrhythmic (miscellaneous)
MOA: decreases conduction through AV node, negative chrono effects
Dose: 6 mg with 20cc, then 12 mg with 20cc
Dextrose
Class: carbohydrate, hypertonic solution
MOA: 6-carbon sugar form of glucose, primary body carbohydrate
Dose: incremental doses up to 25 g (50mL of 50%, 250mL of 10%)
Glucagon (Baqsimi)
Class: pancreatic hormone, antihypoglycemic agent
MOA: secreted by alpha cells in pancreas, supports glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Dose: 1 mg or 3 mg IN, repeat in 7-10 mins
Vasopressin (Vasostrict)
Class: vasoactive agent, antidiuretic hormone analog
MOA: low doses stimulate V1 receptors to increase systemic vascular resistance, higher doses stimulate V2 receptors to increase water permeability at the renal tubule
Dose: 0.03-0.04 units/min continuous infusion
Hydrocortisone Succinate (Solu-Cortef)
Class: corticosteroid
MOA: causes sodium retention, overlaps with Solu-Medrol and Decadon
Dose: 2 mg/kg, max 100 mg
Diazepam (Valium)
Class: benzodiazepine
MOA: raises seizure thresholds, can induce amnesia/sedation
Seizure dose: 5-10 mg, 10-20 mg for AChE inhibitor seizures
Electric dose: 5-15 mg
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Class: antiemetic
MOA: blocks 5-HT3 receptors
Dose: 4 mg, max 16 mg
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Class: opioid analgesic
MOA: binds to opioid receptors in the brain, synthetic opioid
Dose: 1 mcg/kg, max 100 mcg
Pralidoxime (2-PAM)
Class: cholinesterase reactivator, antidote
MOA: reactivates acetylcholinesterase to allow ACH degradation
Dose: 30 mg/kg (max 2 g) IVP, infuse at 8-10 mg/kg/h
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Class: benzodiazepine
MOA: antianxiety and anticonvulsant
Dose: 2 mg IV (diluted), 4 mg IM
Sodium Bicarbonate
Class: buffer
MOA: reacts with hydrogen ions to form water and CO2
Dose: 1mEq/kg
Activated Charcoal (Actidose)
Class: adsorbent
MOA: binds with toxins and drugs
Dose: 1 g/kg (30-100 kg)
Naloxone (Narcan)
Class: opioid antagonist
MOA: competitively binds to opioid receptors
Dose: 0.4-2 mg (6-10 mg max)
Esmolol (Brevibloc)
Class: beta-1 blocker
MOA: short-acting cardioselective beta blocker (continuous infusion)
Dose: 500 mcg/kg over 1 min, then 50-300 mcg/kg/min
Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit)
Class: vitamin, antidote
MOA: vitamin B12 binds with cyanide ions, excretes through urine
Dose: 5 g over 15 mins followed by additional 5 g if necessary
Labetalol (Trandate)
Class: alpha/beta adrenergic blocker
MOA: competitive alpha-1 and nonselective beta antagonist
Dose: 10-20 mg over 2 mins, repeat every 10 to max of 300 mg
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Class: beta blocking agent
MOA: Competitive beta antagonist
Dose: 5 mg over 5 mins, total of 15 mg
Pralidoxime (2-PAM)
Class: cholinesterase reactivator
MOA: reactivates acetylcholinesterase to degrade ACH
ACH overdose: 600 mg IM every 15 mins, 3x
Nerve agent dose: 30 mg/kg (max 2 g), then infuse 8-10 mg/kg/hr (max 1800 mg for severe cases)
Sodium Nitrate
Class: antidote, vasodilator
MOA: binds to cyanide molecules to create less toxic substance
Dose: 300 mg/10 mL over 3-5 mins
Sodium Thiosulfate (Nithidote)
Class: antidote
MOA: donates sulfur molecules to convert cyanide to less harmful substance
Dose: 12.5 g over 30 mins
Thiamine (Betaxin)
Class: vitamin B1
MOA: promotes carbohydrate metabolism
Dose: 100 mg slow IV
