all

Question 1

how does a gene become an rna transcript

Answer 1

transcription

Question 2

how does an rna transcript become a protein

Answer 2

translation

Question 3

describe northern blot technique

Answer 3

tells us if a gene is transcribed (mRNA)

Question 4

acronym SNOW DROP

Answer 4

southern blot - DNA
northern blot - RNA
OOOOOOOO - OOO
western blot - protein

Question 5

describe steps of a northern blot

Answer 5

1 - extract mRNa
2 - gel electrophoresis
3 - transfer gel to a membrane
4 - probe the membrane
5 - visualize the probes

Question 6

true or false: in gel electrophoresis, the smaller mRNAs will move to negative end faster

Answer 6

false, the smaller mRNAs will move the positive end faster than the larger mRNAs

Question 7

true or false: darker lines in northern blot means lots of transcript abundance

Answer 7

true

Question 8

define gene

Answer 8

a DNA sequence that codes for an RNA strand

Question 9

true or false: all genes code for mRNA

Answer 9

false, also codes for rRNA and tRNA

Question 10

which RNA codes for proteins

Answer 10

only mRNA

Question 11

true or false: mRNa is the largest portion of RNa in the cell

Answer 11

false it is the smallest portion of RNA in the cell

Question 12

how does information transfer occur

Answer 12

information in DNA is transcribed into RNA then mRNA is translated into proteins

Question 13

what proteins are involved in each step of information transfer

Answer 13

enzymes

Question 14

what evolved first?

Answer 14

RNA

Question 15

define ribozyme

Answer 15

a class of catalytic RNA molecules

Question 16

two examples of ribozymes

Answer 16

ribosome, spliceosome

Question 17

two ways to measure gene expression

Answer 17

transcript abundance, protein abundance

Question 18

how is transcript abundance measured?

Answer 18

using northern blots
transcription rate and rate of mRNA breakdown

Question 19

how is protein abundance measured

Answer 19

measured using western blots
translation rate and rate of protein breakdown

Question 20

state the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 20

similarities: both polymers of nucleotides, both carry information in linear sequence of nucleotides
differences: nucleotides (deoxyribose, uracil), hydrogen bonds, RNA less stable, more reactive

Question 21

why is it good that RNA degrades more quickly than DNA

Answer 21

temporal regulation, waste of cellular resources

Question 22

three types of expression

Answer 22

induced - up-regulation in gene expression
constitutive - expression of the protein or transcript will always be the same
repressed - down-regulation in gene expression