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1
Q

High energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an X-ray tube

A

X - Radiation

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2
Q

A portion of radiograph that appears dark / black

A

Radiolucent

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3
Q

Anything that has mass that occupies space

A

Matter

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4
Q

The basic unit of matter
Consist of nucleus and orbiting electrons

A

Atom

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5
Q

Negatively charged particles
Arrangement of shells from inside

A

Electrons

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6
Q

Move thru space as both particle and a wave

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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7
Q

A radiation that can overcome the energy required to add or remove electrons of an atom

A

Ionizing radiation

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8
Q

Converting atoms into ions

A

Ionization

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9
Q

Electromagnetic radiations are discrete bundles of energy called photons or quanta

A

Particle concept

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10
Q

Discrete bundles of energy that moves in the speed of light in a straight line and travel thru waves

A

Photons

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11
Q

Speed of light is 300,000km/s or 186,000mi/s

A

Velocity

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12
Q

The number or wavelengths at a given point in time

A

Frequency

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13
Q

Aluminum disks sheets measurement

A

0.5mm

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14
Q

Restricts and reshapes the size of the X-ray beam

A

Lead collimator - rectangular (better)

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15
Q

Coiled wore made of tungsten, produces the electrons when heated

A

Tungsten filament

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16
Q

Heart of the machine
Tightly sealed metal housing that contains X-ray tube

A

X-ray tubehead

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17
Q

Filled with oil and surrounds the X-ray tube and transformers
Protects the X-ray tube

A

Metal housing

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18
Q

Absorbs the heat generated during the production of X-ray
Oil that surrounds the X-ray tube and transformers

A

Insulating oil

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19
Q

Alters the current voltage of incoming electricity

A

Transformers

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20
Q

Supplies the electrons necessary to generate X-rays

A

Cathode (negatively charged)

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21
Q

Concave reflector that focuses the electrons into a narrow beam and directs it at the target of the anode

A

Molybdenum cup

22
Q

Area on the target to wc the focusing cup directs electrons and from wc X-rays are produced

A

Focal spot

23
Q

Actual size of the focal spot

A

1mm x 3mm / 0.6mm to 1mm

24
Q

Prevents oxidation or burnout of the filament

A

Vacuum tube

25
Q

Filament circuit volts

26
Q

Regulates the flow of electrical current to the tungsten filament of the X-ray tube

A

Filament circuit

27
Q

High voltage circuit volts

A

65,000 - 100,000v

28
Q

Controlled by kilovoltage peak
Provides high voltage to accelerate electrons

A

High voltage circuit

29
Q

Determined the QUANTITY of X-ray produced
Controls the temp of the tungsten filament

A

Milliaperage

30
Q

Determines the QUALITY of the X-ray
Also controls the speed of and energy of electrons

A

Kilovoltage

31
Q

The dental X-ray machine is plugged into the socket with

A

110 - 220v

32
Q

Primary source of X-ray photons from the X-ray tube, accounts 70% or X-rays produced

Produced by sudden stopping of high speed electrons when it hits the tungsten target

A

General radiation

33
Q

Accounts for very small amount of X-ray produced.
Occurs only >70kv

A

Characteristic radiation

34
Q

Known as useful beam
Radiation produced directly from the X-ray tube and exits tubehead

A

Primary radiation

35
Q

Produced when the primary beam interacts with matter
Less beneficial than the primary beam

A

Secondary radiation

36
Q

Deflected by interacting matter in all directions
Detrimental to health

A

Scatter radiation

37
Q

3 types of scatter radiation

A

Compton
Photoelectric absorption
Coherent

38
Q

X-ray photon gives up ALL its energy to eject the electron from the orbit

Accounts for 30% scatter radiation produced

A

Photoelectric absorption

39
Q

X-ray photon collides with a loosely bound outer shell electron and gives up PART of its energy to eject electron from the orbit

X-ray looses energy and scatters
Accounts for 62%

A

Compton scatter

40
Q

Aka “unmodified scatter”
X ray photons interacts with electron with NO CHANGE HAPPENS
Accounts for 8% of scatter rad produced

A

Coherent scatter

41
Q

Measures in impulses (1 impulse = 1/60 of a second) bc x-rays are produced via bursts or impulses

A

Exposure time

42
Q

Controls the heating of the filament and the number of electrons produced

7-15ma (10ma) ideal for dental X-ray machine

A

Milliamperage

43
Q

Aluminum disc mm
Dental X-ray machine aluminum disc mm

A

0.5mm
0.5mm - 2mm

44
Q

Positively charged; contains a single photon

45
Q

are discrete bundles of energy that moves in a speed of light in a straight line and travel through waves

46
Q

Electromagnetic radiations are propagated in the form of waves with properties of velocity, wavelength, and frequency

A

Wave concept

47
Q

speed of light is 300,000 km/s or 186,000 miles / s

48
Q

Distance between the crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave

A

Wavelength

49
Q

Determines the energy and penetrating power of radiation

A

Wavelength

50
Q

The # of wavelengths at a given point in time.

AAA ROENT 101 (2 decks)

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