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Soc Sci 2 Third Unit Examinations > All > Flashcards

All Flashcards

1
Q

What is the wealths of nation by ________ all about?

A
  • How is it possible for a community where each member pursues self-interest (bias: let individuals pursue self-interest) to remain together? (You allow themselves to go everywhere and remain together because it benefits everyone else.)
  • What guides each individual’s private business so that it conforms to the needs of the group?
  • How does society manage to get the task necessary for its survival done without central planning and age-old traditions (he doesn’t want government to be involved in the economy pero magagwa pa rin natin yung mga gusto natin)?
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2
Q

“It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their ___________. We address ourselves not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our necessities but of their advantage.”

A

self-interest

Adam Smith

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3
Q

What are the two laws of the market

A
  • Invisible hand (laws of supply and demand) whereby the private interests and passions of men are led in the direction which is most aggregable to the interests o the whole society therefore there is no need for central planning.
  • Demand is there, supply will come in (in order for them to benefit as well)
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4
Q

It is possible that government will tell you this product should be just between this price range. Is that necessary? You let the _____________ determine the price and quantity of the product. Let people follow their _____________

A

invisible hand
self-interest.

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5
Q

Laws of the market are ____________ (no need the state to regulate the economy)

four things they do

A

self-regulating

  • Control prices,
  • Produce demanded goods,
  • Reduce prices,
  • Similar incomes
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6
Q

Individual self-interests of similarly motivated individuals will result in ___________–

A

competition

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7
Q

Division of labor:

A
  • increase production, increases the dexterity of workmen, saves time, application of machinery (smith), separation of trade &
    industry, and advancement of societies
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8
Q

Wealth of nations (smith)

A
  • Employ capital as near as home
    o Security
    o Knows the market
    o Knows who to trust
    o Knows the law of the country
  • Support the domestic industry and direct it to produce more value.
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9
Q

Market failures (free market – walang role yung government) (smith)

A
  • Pollution/negative externality – it negatively affects other people; hindi binabayaran yung cost na may plastic ka; putting a price in pollution (Not Adam Smith anymore)
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10
Q

David Ricardo Principles of political economy and taxation
Capitalists

A

Capitalists
- Invest to make profit
- Capital is their contribution to the society

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11
Q

David Ricardo Principles of political economy and taxation
Landlords

A

Landlords
- Own land (contribution to economy)
- Rent/ differential rent (what they get from the economy; their share in the economy)
- Their interests are inimical to society (problem in the economy would be landlord and their interest)

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12
Q

David Ricardo Principles of political economy and taxation
workers

A

Workers:
- Addicted to the domestic delights of society (spend to what they like; they’re not able to save and therefore do not have money to invest)
- Contribution to economy (own labor, bodies); their share/output in economy is wage
- Natural price and market price (actual wage received by workers)
- Natural price (kailangan ng laborer at ng family niya to survive) of labor is that price which is necessary to enable the laborers (family survival), one with another, to subsist and to perpetuate their race (price: cost of living now)
- If the market price of labor is more than the natural price of labor, then our laborers would be happy. Gagastusin lang nila sa bagay na hindi mahalaga. They would think about the future – having another member of familyIf opposite, hindi sila masaya.

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13
Q

explain differential rent

A

May rent na binabayaran sa land, nagincrease ang population and food, kinakailangan nilang gagamit ng ibang lupa. Yung lupa nay un babayaran ng rent. Yung lupa nay un hindi makakapagproduce as much as before. Ang tawag doon ay differential rent. It will go to our land lords. Hindi nagbebenefit ang workers. If tumataas yung supply dapat bumababa yung presyo ng pagkain but tumataas siya dahil ginagamit na lupa ay yung hindi productive as before (mas madami kang iiinvest nap era)
Capitalists are not happy since kailangan nilang pataasin yung market price of labor. If they increase it, less profits for them. Less capital to invest in the economy.

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14
Q

who’s idea is comparative advantage?

A

ricardo

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15
Q
  • Alientation (World of ideas; Idea of ______: if you are __________, you are a free thinker. (We are alienated because We are no longer free thinker) There is a separation between man and nature because we don’t understand nature
A

Hegel
not alienated

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16
Q

Marx: We are ____________ because we are no longer __________; we have to ______________ to resolve the alienation

A

not ourselves, free creators, change the world

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17
Q

(Adam smith: isang task lang gagawin mo – cut wires the whole day; for _________, that results to ___________. We can create many things but because of industrialization, we only create one thing. )

A

marx, alienation

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18
Q

what is self-alienation

A

Self-alienation is understanding what is happening to you and you don’t do anything about it.

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19
Q

Communist manifesto: Most of it are _______________

________ is cure for alienation

A

problems of capitalism

Communism

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20
Q

Feurbach and marx: we are alienated because of __________
Feuerbach: to cure ourselves of this alienation, we should accept that __________
Marx: man should not have ________________

A

religion

god is a projection of ourselves, that god is a creation of man

no other god but himself. This is true humanity incarnated in the communist man

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21
Q
  • _______ and the dialectics (___________________)
A

Hegel
for every thesis, there is antithesis in the world of ideas

22
Q
  • Marx and the __________ (4) (in material world, society undergoes changes/stages of development.)

What are the four stages?

A

historical dialectical materialism

Primitive communism
- hunting/gathering
2. Pastoralism
- taking care of animals
3. Feudalism
- plants & animals (land ownership)
4. Capitalism
- bourgeoisie vs proletariat
5. Socialism
- removing elements of capitalism
- communism will emerge through it
6. Communism
- no economic classes/state

thesis is primitive communism (hunting and javelin stage (hunt food, run for food) – we are equals but we did not stay in the condition. Nagkaroon tayo ng antithesis. Take care of animals/yung mga kakainin mo. Second stage is the pastoralism – meron paring tao na naghuhunt ng food but dominant way ay taking care of food. Next is feudalism, taking care of plants for food (need ng lupa). Master, slave, landlords, peasants. Because of historical dialectical materialism, meron pa ring elements from previous stage. Next stage is capitalism. The most important means of production is capital. Gusto nila magkneel yung capitalism to communism (capitalism -> socialism (interstage) -> communism); capitalism bears the seeds of its destruction will be replaced by socialism (you do away with the vestiges of capitalism – tatanggalin mo yung capitalism) until it is replaced by communism
- The various stages in the economic order represent an advance in terms of exploitation from the various eras. All of them reveal a relationship of exploitation by the ruling group. There are no economic classes in communism.
- They were studying the fourth stage (capitalism)

23
Q

______ and Surplus value

A

Marx

Labor has both use (how much you have produced – 6k dalawang chairs) and exchange values (wage given to you (actual) - 600): assumption is galing kay laborer yung materials
- The difference between use and exchange value is surplus value (6000-600)
- If the surplus value is kept by the capitalists, it is theft.
Exchange value – market price the same (David ricardo)

24
Q
  • Capitalism bears the seeds of its own destruction
A

communist manifesto

Engels

25
Q

different classes according to marx and ergel

A

Different classes:

Classes
1. Bourgeoisie (capitalists & landlords)
- free competition and overproduction
- family relations are reduced to money
relations
2. Proletariat (workers)
- commodity, susceptible to effects of
market, appendage to machine
- no family life or national character
3. Petite Bourgeoisie (professionals /
small business owners)
- middle class
4. Lumpenproletariat (social scum)
- criminals & prostitutes

Bourgeoisie
- They have control over the state
- They have defeated feudal lords
- They have reduced family relations into merely money relations
- It has forced others to adopt the bourgeious mode of production (creating a world after its own image)
- There is free competition and an epidemic of production(urban settlers: high rise buildings)
Proletaiat
- They survive as long as they can find work, as they contribute to the increase in capital, as they sell themselves like a commodity
- They become susceptible to the effects of the market
- An appendage to the machine
- No property, family relations are different from the family relations of the bourgeois, no national character (you are the appendage of the machine); they don’t have time to meet their family
Other classes (Proletarian class)
- Petite of petty bourgeoisie
o Professionals, family-owned businesses, members of the middle-class
- Lumpenproletariat
o Dangerous class, the social scum
o Prostitutes and criminals

26
Q

history of existing societies is a history of class struggle (can be seen in historical dialectical materialism)”
- Capitalism has simplified class antagonisms. More and more, it will become a struggle of the proletariats against the bourgeoisie
- The only class struggles is between bourgioues and prolitarians (will be the ones destroying capitalism) (one or another only in this stage)

A

The communist manifesto

Engels

27
Q

All labor = forced labor

A

Karl Marx: the communist manifesto

28
Q

Development of the proletarian class consciousness (5)

A
  1. Organized by the bourgeoisie (bring them together to work, factory)
  2. Trade unions (they have the same miserable life, nadedevelop yung group consciousness natin sa factory; we learn that workers from other side of country have the same miserable life)
  3. National struggle (we learn that our miserable life, we share that with the other trades – para sa isang capitalista)
  4. Class (in other countries, have the same miserable life; beyond nationality, beyond trade)
  5. Political party
29
Q

___________will be the intervening form of government. It signifies the transfer of political power from the bourgeoisie to the proletariat.

Abolition of _____
Idea of communism is ___________

A

Socialism or the dictatorship fo the proletariat

dictatorship of the proletariat
- proletariat will take over the state
- transfer of power from bourgeoisie to
proletariat
- abolition of family

Family

walang state

30
Q

Communist manifesto abolition of … (4)

Communism is abolition of …

A
  1. Abolition of bourgeious property
  2. Abolition of the family
  3. Abolition of countries and nationality
  4. Abolition of eternal truths, religion, all morality
31
Q
  • “In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.”
A

communist manifesto

32
Q

“Working men of the world unite. They have nothing to lose but their chains.”

A

communist manifesto

33
Q

for ____, the capitalist control the proletariat because of power

A

Marx

34
Q

theory of social and economic organization thinker (2)

A

marx weber
- examine social problems objectively
- value-free empirical analysis
-

35
Q

Marx weber wrote the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism wherein he argued that _______________

A

religion is a factor in the growth of capitalism

36
Q

marx: there is order in social relationship when
also, it is legitimate when
if these rules are important, they are legitimate

A

people acknowledge that there are rules governing the relationship
if the rules are binding to those who are involved in the social relationship, then the order is legitimate

37
Q

for marx, actions are based on __________ not only on self-interest

A

legitimate orders

38
Q

types of legitimate orders

A

conventions - no organizations that implement them
laws - created by government; implemented by police

39
Q

the existence of legitimate orders is guaranteed by ________________

A

self-interest and disinterested motives (affections, rational beliefs in legitimate orders, and religious attitudes)

40
Q

when a person’s will is to intentionally carry out something that is against another party or parties

A

conflict

41
Q

when actors try to control or gain opportunities and advantages desired by others

if governed by rules then such is a _____

A

competition,

regulated competition

42
Q

is a struggle over social status. It does not involve conflict but the use of other behaviours _____

A

social selection,

wit, strength, mental ability,

43
Q

it concerns survival of inherited characteristics

A

biological selection

44
Q

Pure types of legitimate authority

A

rational-legal authority
traditional authority
charismatic authority

45
Q

based on the rational belief in the orders’ _____________
obedience is due to the _____________
importance of position/office
elected officials

A

absolute value
impersonal order
rational-legal authority

46
Q

based on traditions (what exists now is legitimate)
obedience is due to personal loyalty to _______

A

traditions

traditional authority

47
Q

based on affects/emotions
obedience due to __________
importance of exemplary characters of the person, revelation

A

charismatic,

personal trust

48
Q

__________: Expresses the relationship between movement and the needs of the organism (society). (You can expect that there will be order in the society if the needs are met; then expect order in society) May gumagawa ba ng function na yun? Yung function na ibigay yung needs ng society

which thinker

A

Function

emile durkheim

49
Q

_____________: Expect order in society when the higher class effectively controls the lower class

A

Karl Marx

50
Q

Society is filled with symbols. The more these * are understood, you expect to have order in society.

A

Weiber

51
Q

3 functions of the division of labor and ano yung binibigay niya sa society mo
which thinker

A

emile durkheim
1. Provides the necessary condition for the development of societies (intellectually and materially)
a. Its effects are universally recognized
2. Source of civilization
a. Civilization seems amoral, you can observe that in more advanced societies, one can observe more incidences of suicide and criminality (suicide – integration)
3. Forging solidarity – to cause coherence among friends (groupworks) (most important); society will not be possible without social solidarity – division of labor allows dependence

51
Q

3 functions of the division of labor and ano yung binibigay niya sa society mo
which thinker

A

emile durkheim
1. Provides the necessary condition for the development of societies (intellectually and materially)
a. Its effects are universally recognized
2. Source of civilization
a. Civilization seems amoral, you can observe that in more advanced societies, one can observe more incidences of suicide and criminality (suicide – integration)
3. Forging solidarity – to cause coherence among friends (groupworks) (most important); society will not be possible without social solidarity – division of labor allows dependence

Soc Sci 2 Third Unit Examinations (1 decks)

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