All Flashcards
Greiner’s Growth Model (stages and crises)
Direction - Leadership
Delegation - Autonomy
Coordination - Control
Collaboration - Red Tape
Alliances - Growth
Handy’s Organisational Structures
Power - centralised approach, flat hierarchy, few people with a lot of power (in decision-making etc.)
Person - Individuals work independently, only sharing business resources (e.g. law firm)
Role - Individual’s roles recognised in a hierarchy (normal business structure)
Task - People come together to execute tasks, experience valued over position
Hofstede’s Organisational Cultures
Power distance index - high = respect difference in power, low = demand equality
Masculinity-femininity - masculinity = assertiveness, competition, femininity = cooperation, quality of work life
Uncertainty-avoidance - high = scared of change, traditional, low = open to change
Individualism collectivism
Long-term vs short-term orientation
Indulgence-restraint - indulgence = heavy focus on expressing emotions, focusing on employees happiness, restraint = opposite
Kotter and Schlesinger Why People Avoid Change
Self-interest
Low tolerance and inertia
Miscommunication/misunderstanding
Different assessment of the situation
Kotter and Schlesinger How To Get People To Overcome Fear Of Change
Education
Participation and Involvement
Facilitation and Support
Coercion (if they resist, xyz will happen - last resort)
Manipulation (using selective information to convince)
Negotiation and bargaining
Hackman and Oldham’s Job Description
Skill variety
Task Identity
Task significance
Job feedback
Autonomy
Elkington’s Triple Bottom Line
Planet
Profit
People
Kaplan and Norton’s Balanced Scorecard
Finances
Customers (people)
Internal processes
Organisational structure
Porter’s Five Forces
Internal Rivalry
Buyer Power
Supplier Power
Threat of new entrants
Threat of substitutes
Porter’s Generic Strategies
Cost leadership
Cost focus
Differentiation
Differentiation focus
Ansoff’s Matrix (product, market)
Market penetration (old, old)
Market development (old, new)
Product development (new, old)
Diversification (new, new)
Boston Matrix (market share, market growth)
Dog (low, low)
Cash cow (high, low)
Question mark (low, high)
Star (high, high)
Blake Mouton Grid Of Leadership (task, people)
Impoverished (low, low)
Country club (low, high)
Middle-of-the-road (mid, mid)
Task-orientated (high, low)
Team leader (high, high)
Bartlett and Ghoshal Model Of International Strategy (local responsiveness, global integration)
International (low, low)
Global (low, high)
Multi-domestic (high, low)
Transnational (high, high)
Carroll’s Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid
Economic (profit), Legal, Ethical, Philanthropic
