All Flashcards
What is a brand ?
The face of a business
Any feature identifying a companies goods and services
What is the definition of a brand ?
A brand is a bundle of benefits with sustainable differentiation consisting of functional benefit components and symbolic utility
What are functional benefit components ?
Quality, function, taste, characteristics
What does the brand offer
Extrinsic value
What is symbolic utility ?
Psychological and emotional additional benefit
Intrinsic value
What two components does a brand consist of ?
Functional benefits
Symbolic utility
What are benefits of brand management ?
Builds preferences and differentiates
Positions for target group
Creates customer loyalty
Increases probability of success for future products
Creates pricing leeway
What is the identity based brand approach ?
Brand identity & brand image
Creating a brand that reflects the companies core beliefs, mission and purpose
What is brand identity ?
Image of the brand from the inside
What is the brand image ?
Image of brand by external individuals
What is the best case scenario for identity based brand approach ?
Brand identity and image are aligned and fit together leading to a company being trustworthy
What is the inside out perspective ?
Interpretation of company based on experience or perspective
(placement of association)
What is the outside in perspective ?
Interpretation based on external factors
(perception of accusation)
What are the 4 elements of a strong brand identity ?
Reciprocity
Continuity
Consistency
Individuality
What is reciprocity ?
Delivering value to customers and stakeholders to build a better brand relationship and brand identity
What is continuity ?
Maintaining core elements of the brand over time
What is consistency
Consistency of brand identity throughout whole company
What is individuality ?
Unowned of essential brand elements differentiating from competing products
What are the 4 stages of the brand life cycle ?
Introduction
Growth
Maturity
Decline
During what stages of the brand life cycle can growth stages be added ?
Maturity and growth stage
What are the 4 steps of the decision making process ?
Consideration of initial set of brands
Adding/subtracting brands based on needs
Brand selection
Post purchase experience
What is the loyalty loop ?
Skipping phase 1-3 of the customer decision making process due to loyalty of customer
What is the result of a well managed brand ?
Trustworthy
Worth paying for
Cool to have
Giving direction for future product
What are the 3 types of managing a brand ?
Launch of a brand
Relaunch of a brand
Line category extension
What is the launch of a brand and during what phase is it done ?
Entering market with a new brand
Introduction and growth phase
What is relaunch of a brand and during what phase is it done?
Changing design and/or formula of existing brand
Maturity and decline phase
What is line category extension and during what phase is it used ?
Adding new variances/products to already existing product line
Maturity and decline phase
What is concept writing ?
A structure to rationalise an idea aimed for market success
What are Skills driving innovative ideas ?
Associating
Questioning
Observing
Experimenting
Networking
What is meant by associating ?
Connecting unrelated ideas or concepts
What is questioning ?
Constantly asking
Why? Why not? What if ?
What is observing ?
Data collection of Problem or solution
What is experimenting?
Prototypes
Launching pilots
What is networking ?
Meeting people with different perspectives and ideas
What is concept structure ?
Who is the customer/what’s consumer problem or wish
What does the product offer to consumer(USP formula)
Which technology enables product to solve issue
How to phrase benefit in understandable way to consumer
What should be included in a typical persona?
Name
Age/life stage
Occupation
Family situation
Hobbies and interest
Attitudes towards technology
Key values
Media interests(newspaper,movies)
What is insight trinity ?
Truth: I do
Need: because
Friction: but
What is an example of insight trinity ?
I wash my hair because it gets dirty but it gets dry when I do it to often
What is the USP formula ?
If I use: product
I will get: benefit
Because of: source of benefit
5 factors to develop a good concept
Relevance of product
USP formula
insight trinity
Wow factor
Market of hope
What is cost based pricing ?
Pricing based on production costs
What is value based pricing ?
Pricing based on perceived value to consumer
What is competitive pricing ?
Price based on competitors price
What is price penetration ?
Low pricing to gain market share and later increasing price
What is price skimming strategy ?
Starting with a high price then lowering
Name 5 main pricing strategies
Cost based
Value based
Competitive
Penetration
Price skimming
What are the 5 steps of brand management ?
Inspiration for concept
Identification of Business potential
Concept development
Concept optimisation
Concept implementation
What does CCEE stand for ?
Consistent
Credible
Exciting
Emotional
What is consistent in CCEE?
Consistency of brand in all activities
What is credible in CCEE?
Convincing brand
What is exciting in CCEE?
Sell what is wanted
What is emotional in CCEE?
Listening to consumer need
What is inspiration for concept ?
Consumer insights
trends
mistakes/success of past
Competitive launched
What is Identification of business potential ?
Factors identifying potential:
Target group size
Market size
Competition
What is concept development ?
Marketing campaign
Matching target group
What is concept optimisation ?
Optimising a concept with:
Feedback
Testing
Developing
What is Concept implementation ?
Final retail price
Selling story
Finalising product
What is the IPM Approach ?
Integrated process oriented marketing approach
What does the IPM approach stand for ?
Marketing towards all stakeholders(integrated) aligned with the management(process oriented) by the help of marketing tools
What is marketing communication ?
All action taken to promote a product to their customer
What is the importance of communication according to NIE?
Cuts down transaction costs
Builds trust
Reduces information asymmetries
Decreases buyer uncertainty
What does can’t sell anything if you can’t tell anything mean ?
Customers need to be excited for a product
What are the 4 P‘s of marketing ?
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Which of the 4 P‘s is in marketing communications ?
Promotion
What is the purpose of Promotion?
Create, maintain or increase demand for a product
What are typical marketing challenges ?
Budget
Understanding market trends
Crisis management
What is the zero moment of truth ?
Online Research of product
First step of decision making
What is meant by Brand experience ?
All touchpoints for consumers
Overall perception of brand
What is Moment marketing ?
Promotions at a certain time or place
(Christmas)
What are Receptivity moments ?
Moments where consumers are most open to advertising
What is meant by Meaningful relationships ?
Trust
Shared values
Loyalty to a brand
What are the 5 stages of a customer journey ?
1.pre awareness
2.consideration
3.Evaluation
4.Purchase
5.After Sales Services & Usage
What is the simple communication process ?
Sender->Message->Receiver->Feedback
What is the AIDA Formula ?
Attention
Interest
Desire
Action
What is meant by Attention in AIDA Formula?
Getting a product seen/ talked about
What is meant by Interest in the AIDA Formula and how is it achieved ?
Create ab understanding of benefits ->
Advertising, PR, sponsoring, online marketing
What is meant by Desire in the AIDA Formula?
Fulfill a need
What is meant by action in the AIDA formula and how can it be achieved ?
Purchase-> personal selling, sales promotions, direct marketing
What does the Hierachy of effects model say ?
Consumers go through Three phases when purchasing a product.
Each phase start fewer consumers
What are the 3 phases of the hierarchy model ?
Cognitive phase (awareness, knowledge)
Affective phase (liking, preference)
Behavioural phase (Purchase)
What is 360 communication ?
Marketing approach using as many touchpoints as possible during all phases of the customer journey
What is the Promotional triad ?
Most important promotional tools
1.Advertising
2.Public Relations
3.Consumer Sales Promotion
What does advertising aim at ?
Aims at transaction increases for single products
What does public relations aim at ?
Building trust for the company as a whole
What does sales promotion aim at ?
Approaching the target group at the point of sale
What PR techniques are there ?
Media relations
Publications
Corporate communications
Public affairs
Lobbying
What is POS communication ?
Point of sale communication
Displays and packaging marketing
What are some online marketing tools ?
Display advertising
Data base marketing
Affiliate marketing
Social Media Marketing
SEM
What is omni channel marketing ?
Marketing to customer via multiple channels with a consistent experience
What is human perception ?
The way we interpret stimulations
What is Römern psychology?
Louder/flashier ads are easier to perceive
What is figure psychology ?
Easy to perceive ads are more powerful
What is holistic psychology?
First look/timing of ad is crucial to success
What is social perception ?
Ads need to combine familiarity and newness to be interesting
What are the advertising Design golden rules ?
Activation process
Comprehensibility
Credibility
Avoidance of reactance
Reduction of cognitive dissonance
What impulses are included in the activation process ?
Emotional
Cognitive
Physical
What are emotional impulses ?
Small child pattern
Eroticism
What can cognitive impulses be ?
Conflict
Contradiction
Surprise
What can physical impulses be ?
Doge
Color
Sound
What is meant by comprehensively ?
Easy understanding and interpreting by target group
What is meant by avoidance of reactance ?
Disapproval or feeling of manipulation
What is meant by cognitive dissonance ?
Contradiction of own beliefs
Post decision regret
Cognitive intrusion
How can cognitive dissonance be reduced ?
Enhancement of information
Post purchase ads
Testimonials
What is meant by integrated in the IPM approach ?
All stakeholders are targeted with all marketing measures
What is meant by process oriented in the IPM approach ?
Management of the whole exchange process
Consistency throughout all of the company
What is meant by marketing in the IPM approach ?
An instrument used for market oriented thinking and actions
What is the pre awareness stage in the customer journey ?
Need/ Problem recognition
What is the consideration stage in the customer journey ?
Information search
What is the evaluation stage in the customer journey ?
Evaluation of alternatives
What is the purchase phase in the customer journey ?
Choice and purchase decision
What is the after sales stage of the customer journey ?
Post purchase use and evaluation