All Flashcards
a contradiction
[C] a difference between two stories, facts, etc. C that means they cannot both be true: There were contradictions between the testimonies of the two men.
a contraption
n. [C] (informal) a piece of equipment that looks strange
a contraceptive
n. [C] a drug, object, or method used so that a woman does not become P R E G N A N T when she has sex —contraceptive adj.
contraception
. [U] the practice or methods of preventing a woman from becoming PREGNANT when she has sex SYN birth control
contraband
2 goods that are illegal to supply to either side in a war
contour
n. [C] the shape of the outer edges of something such as an area of land or someone’s body
contract sth ↔ out
phr. v. to arrange to have a job done by a person or company outside your own organization: The city has contracted its garbage collection out to an independent company.
contraction
2 [U] the process of becoming smaller or shorter
to the contrary
to the contrary showing or saying the opposite: In spite of rumors to the contrary, their marriage is fine.
contingency
[C] an event or situation that might happen and could cause problems: a contingency plan to cope with any computer failures
continental drift
n. [U] EARTH SCIENCES the very slow movement of the CONTINENTs across the surface of the Earth
a continental breakfast
n.[C]a breakfast consisting of coffee, juice, and a sweet ROLL (=type of bread)
contiguous
adj. (formal) next to something, or sharing the same border: the 48 contiguous States
a contender
n. [C] someone who is involved in a competition: She is a contender for the Democratic nomination for president.
to contend with
sth phr. v. to deal with a problem or difficult situation: The police would then have less paperwork to contend with.
contemptuous
adj. show-ing that you believe someone or something does not deserve any respect: young people who are contemptuous of authority
contemplative
adj. spending a lot of time thinking seriously and quietly
a container
n. [C] something such as a box, a bowl, a bottle, etc. that can be filled with something: an eight-gallon container
a contact
. 1 [C,U] communication with a person, organization, country, etc.: Have you kept/stayed in contact with any of your school friends? | The soldiers had little contact with citizens of the country. | the establishment of diplomatic contacts
the constitution
Constitution a set of laws and principles that a country or organization is governed by: the Constitution of the United States
to construct
1 to build something large such as a building, bridge, etc.: The Empire State Building was constructed in 1931. | The cabin is constructed from thick, heavy timbers
to constrain
v. [T] (formal) to limit someone’s freedom to do what s/he wants to do: Our research was constrained by a lack of funds.
constitutional monarchy
2 [C] POLITICS a country that is ruled by a king or queen whose powers are limited by law
to conspire
to secretly plan with other people to do something bad or illegal:
The company was accused of conspiring with local stores to fix prices.
constitutional
1 officially allowed or restricted by the consti- tution of a country or organization: The court ruled that the officers had violated the men’s constitu- tional rights.
constant
1 happening “constitutional ‘monarchy n. 1 [U] POLITICS a
regularly or all the time: There was a constant stream of visitors to the house. | He’s under con- stant pressure
to consits of
phr. v. to be made of or contain particular things or people: The top layer of earth consists largely of clay, gravel and sand. | The audience consisted solely of teenagers.
consign sb/sth to sth
1 to cause someone or something to be in a bad situation: a decision that consigned him to political obscurity
consideration
4 [U] the quality of thinking and caring about other people’s feelings, wants, or needs: He shows no consideration for others.
consider
1 [I,T] to think about something very carefully, especially before making a decision: I considered resigning. | He was consid- ering whether to apply for the job. | You should consider the possibility of moving there perma- nently.
conservative
1 preferring to continue doing things the way they are being done or have been proven to work, rather than risking changes: a very conservative attitude to education
conservatism
n. [U] the belief that any changes to the way things are done must happen slowly and have very good reasons: political conservatism
consecutive
adj. consecutive numbers or periods of time happen one after the other: It rained for three consecutive days. —consecutively adv.
to connive
v. [I] to plan something secretly, especially something that is wrong or illegal: Together, they connived to deceive her.
a connection
2 [C] a piece of wire or metal joining two parts of a machine together or to an electrical system: There must be a loose connection – I’m not getting any power.
conjure sth ↔ up
1 make an image, idea, memory, etc. very clear and strong in someone’s mind: Smells can often conjure up memories
a congresswoman
[C] a woman who is elected to be in Congress
congenial
adj. (formal) pleasant in a way that makes you feel comfortable and relaxed: a congenial atmosphere
to congeal
[I] if a liquid such as blood congeals, it becomes thick or solid
confusing
adj. difficult to understand: The diagram is really confusing.
bewildered
very confused and not sure what to do or think: People are often bewildered by all the rules and regulations about taxes.
confused
1 unable to understand clearly what someone is saying or what is happening: I’m totally confused. | I’m still confused about what happened.
congested
1 too full or blocked because of too many vehicles or people: congested freeways
congested
2 a congested nose, chest, etc. is filled with thick liquid that does not flow easily —congestion /k@n’dZEstS@n/ n. [U]
to conform
1 to behave in the way that most people behave: There’s always pressure on kids to conform.
confined
adj. a confined space or area is very small: It wasn’t easy to sleep in such a confined space.
a configuration
n. [C] the way in which parts of something are arranged or formed into a particular shape: a star-shaped con- figuration
a conflict
1 [C,U] angry disagreement between people, groups, countries, etc.: a conflict between father and son | conflicts over land | The two groups have been in conflict with each other for years.
a confession
1 [C] a statement that you have done something wrong or illegal: He made a full confession at the police sta- tion.
to gain/win/earn sb’s confidence
if you gain someone’s confidence, s/he begins to trust you: Gradually, the new manager began to win the employees’ confidence
a conference
2 a large formal meeting, often lasting for several days, at which members of an organization, profession, etc. discuss things related to their work: a sales conference | The American Medical Asso- ciation is sponsoring a conference on men’ s health. | Professor Roth is in London attending an international conference.
to condone
. [T] to accept or allow behavior that most people think is wrong: I cannot condone the use of violence.
condescending
adj. showing that you think you are better or more important than other people: He gave us a conde- scending smile.
a concerto
[C] ENG. LANG. ARTS a piece of CLASSICAL MUSIC, usually for one instrument and an ORCHESTRA
concerned
3 believing that something is important: They seem to be only concerned with making money.
concerned
2 worried about something important: We’re concerned about the results of the test. | letters from concerned parents
conceptual
Ac adj. (formal) relating to ideas, or based on them, and not yet real: The plans are in the conceptual stage. —conceptually adv.
be concen- trated in/on/at etc. sth
to be present in large numbers or amounts in a particular place: Most of the state’s population is concentrated in the cities.
to conceive
BIOLOGY to become PREGNANT ➔ CONCEP- TION: Ben and Tracy are hoping to conceive a second child soon.
to conceive
2 [T] to think of a new idea or plan: It was Dr. Salk who conceived the idea of a polio vaccine.
conceivable
adj. able to be believed or imagined ANT inconceivable: It is
conceivable that the experts could be wrong. | C Doctors looked at every conceivable cause
to start a computer
You start up/boot up a computer and log in/on in order to start using it.
to compute
v. [I,T] (formal) to calculate an answer, total, result, etc.: The machine can compute the time it takes a sound wave to bounce back. —computation /”kAmpy@’teIS@n/ n. [C,U]: He is below average in spelling and math computation. | The software is able to perform (=do) complex computations.
compulsive
compulsive behavior is very difficult to stop or control: compul- sive eating
a compulsion
1 [C] a strong desire to do something that is wrong: Drinking is a compulsion with her.
compromising
dj. mak- ing it seem that someone has done something dishonest or wrong: a compromising photograph
Comprise, be composed of, and consist of
Comprise, be composed of, and consist of can each be used in order to talk about the parts that things are made of, or the things that something contains.
Comprise is the more formal word.
Each of the following sentences means the same thing, but the patterns are different: The United States comprises 50 states. | The United States is composed of 50 states. | The United States consists of 50 states.