All Flashcards
What is an ion?
an ion is an atom or a group of atom that has a charge
what is the name for a ‘+’ charged ion?
cation
When an atom has the same number of proton and elecctron, the atom is? (what charge)
neutral, no charge
what is the name for a negatively charged ion?
anion
When a group of atoms comes together and forms a charge, it is a ____________
polyatomic ion
Ionic bonds are formed with which two types of elements?
metals and non-metals
the name of the bond that involves a metal and non-metal is called a?
ionic bonds
how to describe an ionic bond?
bonds between metal and non - metal, usually the metal atom gives off an electron to the non metal atom, which forms opposite charges that stick the two atoms together.
what is the name of a negatively charged chlorine atom?
chloride ion
there are ____ (how many) known elements that are recognized by the chemists.
118
The atoms in the periodic table of elements are arranged by ____.
number of proton in each atom (or atomic number)
what is the first element in the periodic table?
Hydrogen
elements are either classified as ____ or ____, (what type)
metal, non metal
____ is the first element of the periodic table.
Hydrogen
elements in the periodic tables are arranged in groups (column) and periods (rows) and every group has its special properties, the first column is ____ group.
Alkali metals
alkali metals are ____, ____, and extremely _____.(properties)
shiny, soft, reactive.
____ is an exception in this first group, even though alkali metals are metals, this element is considered as non-metal.
Hydrogen
Alkali metals are usually stored in oiled containers because they are ______.
extremely reactive.
Alkali metals all have ____ electron on their valance shell.
1
____ is a row of elements in the periodic table.
period
alkaline earth metals are the ______ (which column) group of the periodic table of elements.
second
____ (a type of element) is solid at room temperature, with a shiny appearance, and very malleable, this type of element is also a very good conductor.
metals
What are some of the properties of non-metal elements?
it could be solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature, it acts as an insulator, it has a dull look, it is brittle.
what is an element that is an exception that we have to give it its own type?
Hydrogen
Alkaline earth metals are _____, and______
light, reactive
group 17 on the periodic table of elements is _____
halogen
Halogens are _________ (property)
one of the most reactive groups in the periodic table of elements.
Halogens have _____ (how many) valance electrons in their outer shell.
7
noble gas is the _____ (what number) th group of the periodic table of elements.
18
Noble gas is the most _____ group of atoms in the periodic table of elements.
stable
Noble gas doesn’t react to other elements because ______ (how many atoms are in the valance shell)
they have a full valance shell. (eight electrons)
how many electrons can the first ring of an atom hold up to?
2
a ___________ is a diagram representing the atom’s arrangement of electrons in orbit around the nucleus.
Bohr-rutherford diagram
The number of neutrons = atomic mass - _______
atomic numbers
lithium, with an atomic mass of 7 and a atomic number of 3, what is the number of neutrons existing in this atom?
4
this first orbit of the electron has 2 electrons, and the second orbit has ____ electrons.
2, 8
____ are substances made up of more than one atoms.
compounds
metal elements tend to _____ electrons while Bonding
Loose
Most non-metal elements has ____ to ___ electrons in their valance shell.
4 to 8
hydrogen is an exception because it only has ___ electron(s) and it is also a non-metal.
1
______ is a compound that separates into ions when it is dissolved in water, producing a solution that conducts electricity.
electrolyte
most ____ compounds are electrolytes because when dissolved into water they can conduct electricity.
ionic
_____ compounds are usually hard brittle solids with a high melting point.
ionic
_________ is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eyes.
light spectrum
light spectrum is the portion of the __________ that is visible to the human eyes.
electromagnetic spectrum
ranging from the wavelength in descending order.
radio wave, _______, visible light, ultraviolet rays, x-ray, gamma ray.
infrared
ranging from the wavelength in descending order.
radio wave, infrared wave, visible light, _______, x-ray, gamma ray.
ultraviolet rays
there are __ (how many) rays in the Electro-Magnetic spectrum.
7
_________ has the highest frequency of all the rays.
Gamma rays
the _____ the frequency the higher the energy.
higher
the _____ the frequency the lower the energy.
lower
the higher the frequency the ____ the energy.
higher
______ (what wave) has the lowest frequency.
Radio
in ____ model of light, light is described as a line or a ray that shows where the light is traveling.
ray
light can travel through a ______ (what kind of object) without changing the direction of the light or being completely absorbed.
transparent
light cannot pass through a ______ object.
opaque
the direction of the light gets scattered all over the place when light passes through a _____ object.
translucent
in the law of reflection, the incoming light ray that is about to strike the object is called?
incident ray
in the law of reflection, the light ray that bounced off the barrier is called?
reflected ray
in the law of reflection, a dotted barrier is drawn perpendicular to the barrier, this line is called?
normal
in the law of reflection, the angle created by the normal and ____is equal to the angle formed by normal and reflected ray.
incident ray
The angle made by the normal and incident ray is called “the angle of incidence”
in the law of reflection, the angle created by the normal and incident ray is equal to the angle formed by the normal and _______.
reflected ray
The angle formed by the normal and the ray of reflection is called “angle of reflection”
in a plane mirror
The angle of reflection __ (a statement) angle of incidence
= (equal to)
Refraction of light happens when light travels through objects with different _____.
density
the higher the density the _____ (speed) the light travels.
slower
the ____ the density the faster the light travles.
lower
the more the light bend towards the normal when refraction happens, the _____ (speed) the light travels.
slower
when light bends away from the normal during refraction, the light is traveling to a ____ density (density of the object) object.
lower
C^2 = A^2 + B^2 - 2AB * Cos (C)
is the equation for the ____ law.
cosine
the light ray that passes through a concave lens _____ (converge or diverge)
diverge
light travels at a speed of _________ in the air.
3*10^8 m/s
concave lenses are ___ (thickness) in the middle.
thinner
convex lenses are ____ (thickness) in the middle.
wider
_____ lenses are thinner in the middle.
concave
_____ lenses are thicker in the middle.
convex
placing an object at ______ (distance) in front of a concave lens, the image will appear smaller and upright.
any distance
all of the image concave lense produce is _____ (virtual or real)
virtual
