Alkylation and acylation

Question 1

What do acylation and alkylation do to benzene rings??

Answer 1

Both introduce C-C bonds to increase carbon chain length

Question 2

Whats an acyl group

Answer 2

A carbon double bonded to an oxygen, and single bonded to another organic group like an OH or Cl group.

Question 3

What is alkylation and acylation??

Answer 3

Both examples of electrophilic substitution, acylation extends the carbon chain with an organic group attached, and alkylation adds an alkyl group. The mechanism is the same as with nitration and halogenation of benzene.

Question 4

What is the catalyst used in electrophilic substitution and why are they used

Answer 4

Halogen carrier catalysts- the central metal atom has space in outer shell to accept pair of electrons eg from a Cl- ion

Question 5

What is the reaction for alkylation of benzene

Answer 5

Benzene + CH3Cl -> Methylbenzene + HCl
Uses halogen carrier catalyst like AlCl3 to accept one pair of electrons from Cl- ion. It gets reformed with the same equation for chlorination of benzene
- H+ + AlCl4- -> HCl + AlCl3