Alkyl halides

Question 1

How many test tubes?

Answer 1

20

Question 2

General idea?

Answer 2

take 10 test tubes, test for sn2

take 10 more, check for sn1

Question 3

Reactions?

Answer 3

Sodium Iodide: R-X + NaI -(acetone)-> R-I

silver nitrate: R-X + AgNO3 -(etOH)-> ROEt + AgX + HNO3

Question 4

How do you make a carbocation?

Answer 4

Silver chloride precipitates out with X, makes R+

Question 5

SN2? (nuc, hindrance, rate)

Answer 5

Strong nucleophile
Unhindered alkyl halide
rate = k[Nuc][R-X]

Look for strong nucleophile!

Question 6

SN1?

Answer 6

Rate = k[R-X]

“how stable can you make your carbocation?”

Question 7

How can you tell if reaction is finished? (Part A, SN2)

Answer 7

NaCl precipitates out (you can see solid salt).Less than a minute for first

Question 8

What’s going on in part B? (SN1)

Answer 8

R-Cl dissociates, forms ions. R+ makes an ether, Cl- makes AgCl.

Question 9

How can you tell if reaction is working in part B?

Answer 9

AgCl precipitates

Question 10

What do you do in part A?

Answer 10

Take 5 test tubes
Fill with 2ml NaI

Add a different alkyl halide to each tube (4 drops)

Question 11

What do you do in Part B?

Answer 11

Same as part A, but you use AgNo3 instead of NaI

Question 12

When do you put test tubes in hot water bath in part A?

Answer 12

If you’ve waited 5min and you don’t see a reaction.

Question 13

What temperature is the hot water bath for part A?

Answer 13

65 degrees

Question 14

How long do you keep test tubes in water bath?

Answer 14

About a minute, watch for cloudiness