Alkyl Halides

Question 1

Reduction of Alkyl Halide
Zn/HX

Answer 1

R-X to R-H

Question 2

HX Addition to Alkenes
HBr

Answer 2

• Markovnikov (HBr)
• Anti-Markovnikov (ROOR, HBr)

Question 3

Halogen Addition (X2 Addition to Alkenes)
Br2, CCl4

Answer 3

• Anti-Addition and follows Markovnikov
• Reaction 1: Meso Compound
• Reaction 2: Enantiomers

Question 4

Radical Halogenation
(N-Bromosuccinimade- NBS/Heat/light)

Answer 4

• N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) reacts with allylic or benzylic hydrogens

Question 5

Radical Halogenation (X2/Light/Heat)

Answer 5

Radical halogenation is a chemical reaction where a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine or bromine) replaces a hydrogen atom in an organic molecule.

Question 6

Dichlorocarbene
CCl2 + Alkene

Answer 6

Question 7

Nucleophilic Substitution With Internal Return
SOCl2 (w/ pyridine) + Alcohol

Answer 7

Pyridine acts as a base, neutralizing the hydrochloric acid (HCl) byproduct

Question 8

Alcohols to Alkyl Bromides
PBr3

Answer 8

• Results in an inverse of hydrogen attached

Question 9

Nucleophilic substitution reaction
(R-OH + HX R- X + H2O)
HX

Answer 9

• SN1 or SN2 mechanism, depending on the structure of the alcohol