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1101 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS > ALKENES & ALKYNES > Flashcards

ALKENES & ALKYNES Flashcards

1
Q

ALKYNES

A

C≡C

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2
Q

TERMINAL ALKYNE

A

C≡C at END of chain

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3
Q

INTERNAL ALKYNE

A

C≡C in chain (not end)

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4
Q

Compare reactivity of alkenes & alkynes

A

ALKENES MORE REACTIVE

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5
Q

What bond types is a C≡C composed of?

A

1 sigma, 2 pi

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6
Q

alkynes undergo which mechanism

A

ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION

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7
Q

Which tautomer predominates in solution? Why?

A

KETO form - MORE STABLE

ENOL formed first.

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8
Q

What is a regioselective reaction?

A

major product formed via most stable carbocation.

PREFERENTIAL FORMATION OF ONE CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMER.

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9
Q

ALKENE -> HALOALKANE

A

ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION
HYDROHALOGENATION

H-X + ALKENE

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10
Q

Describe the products of hydrohalogenation

A

ASSYMETRIC alkenes can form >1 product

SYMMETIC alkenes form 1 product.

CARBOCATION MEDIATED

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11
Q

ALKENES -> ALCOHOLS

A

ACID-CATALYSED (H-OH)

ALKENE + H2O -> ALCOHOL

CARBOCATION MEDIATED

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12
Q

ALKENES -> ALKANES

Markovnikov

A

HYDROGENATION (H-H)
METAL CATALYST
Pt, Pd, Ni

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13
Q

State metal catalysts which can be used for hydrogenation

A

Pt, Pd, Ni

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14
Q

ALKENES -> ALKANES

Anti-Markovnikov

A

H-Br in presence of PEROXIDES.

Free radical formation
HETEROLYTIC FISSION.

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15
Q

HOMOLYTIC addition involves…

A

RADICALS

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16
Q

HETEROLYTIC addition involves…

A

CATIONS

17
Q

Describe Markovnikovs rule

A

Electrophiles add to form the most stable intermediate in ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION.

18
Q

Which HALOGEN has the correct energy for an Anti-Markovnikov Addition

A

H-Br

19
Q

ALKENE -> VICINAL DIHALOALKANE (DIHALIDE)

A

HALOGENATION (X-X)

STEREOSPECIFIC

ALKENE -> adihalogenated alkane
ALKYNE -> TETRAHALOGENATED alkane

20
Q

Order the stability of carbocations from MOST to LEAST

A

Tertiary -> Primary

21
Q

State the limitation of Markovnikovs rule

A

VALID only for ADDITION reactions where electrophile is H+

1101 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS (1 decks)

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