Alkenes Flashcards
what type of isomerism can alkenes do
E-Z stereoisomerism
conditions for stereoisomerism
CC double bond with restricted rotation
two different groups/atoms on both ends of the double bond
what is the priority based off for ez isomer naming
largest atomic number is priority
what type of mechanism do alkenes do
electrophilic addition
why are electrophiles attracted to alkenes
double bond very high electron density
Halogen + Alkene reaction products and conditions
dihalogenoalkane, room temperature
hydrogen halide and alkene reaction products and conditions
halogenoalkane, room temperature
explain markownikoffs rule/minor and major products
the halogen will usually be added to the carbon with the FEWEST hydrogens attached to it (if unsymmetrical)
order of stability - tertiary>secondary>primary
major product formed with most stable carbocation
more stable because the methyl groups on either side of carbocation are electron releasing and so reduce the charge on the ion which stabilises it
reaction of sulfuric acid with alkenes conditions and products and what is the role of sulfuric acid
stage 1: electrophilic addition conc H2SO4 at room temperature forming alkyl hydrogensulfate
stage 2: hydrolysis, water, warm mixture forming an alcohol
sulfuric acid is a catalyst because it is regenerated
definition of hydrolysis
when a molecule is split by the addition of water
define hydration reaction
a reaction where water is added to the molecule
direct hydration of alkenes reaction info
high temperature 300-600
high pressure 70atm
concentrated H3PO4 catalyst
forms alcohol
alkenes test
bromine water turns colourless
