Alkanes Flashcards
What is a homologous series
Organic compounds with the same functional group and each successive member cdiffers by CH2
What is a functional group
Part of a compound responsible for chemical reactions
What is saturated?
Hydrocarbon with single bonds only
What is a hydrocarbon
A compound containing hydrogen and carbon atoms only
Alkanes and cycloalkanes general formula
CnH2n+2
CnH2n
What is a sigma bond
Bond formed by the lengthways overlap of orbitals directly between two bonding atoms
What structure is alkanes
Form a tetrahedral structure with a bond angle of 109.5 degrees
4 bonding pairs of electrons repel equally
What to add in alkanes script about London forces
more surface area contact
What happens with more branching
more branching –> reduces s.a. contact –> weakened London forces –> decreased M.P. / B.P.
Complete combustion vs incomplete combustion
Alkane + oxygen –> carbon dioxide / carbon monoxide OR carbon + water
How to use combustion equations
Write out combustion equation using volume ratios
Simplify ratios
Work out n
Balance and work out N
What is homolytic fission?
A covalent bond is broken and each of the bonded atoms receives on electron to form two radicals
What is a free radical
Reactive species with an unpaired electron
What is the condition and reagent
UV light
Halogen molecule
What is the overall equation
alkane + halogen –> halogenated alkane + hydrogen halide
