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Hydrocarbons GCSE > Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is organic chemistry about?

A

Compounds that contain carbon

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2
Q

Why is carbon ideal for forming compounds?

A

Can form 4 single covalent bonds

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3
Q

What is a hydrocarbon ?

A

Any compound formed by carbon and hydrogen only

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4
Q

Is butanol a hydrocarbon?

A

No- contains oxygen aswell

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5
Q

Name the first 4 alkanes?

A

1) Methane
2) Ethane
3) Propane
4) Butane

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6
Q

Why are the alkanes a “homologous series”?

A

They have similar properties and all react in a similar way

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7
Q

The alkanes have a general formula because they are a homologous series -what is it?

A

CnH2n+2

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8
Q

Why are alkanes saturated compounds?

A

Every atom has 4 single covalent bonds

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9
Q

How does the flammability of an alkane vary with chain length?

A

As the chain length increases, the alkanes become less flammable

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10
Q

How does the viscosity of alkanes vary with chain length?

A

The longer the chain, the more viscous (thick and gloopy) the alkane is

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11
Q

How does the volatility of alkanes vary with chain length?

A

As the chain length increases, the alkane becomes less volatile (evaporates less easily)

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12
Q

How do the boiling points vary with increased chain length?

A

Boiling point increases

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13
Q

What are hydrocarbon’s main use?

A

For fuel

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14
Q

What do hydrocarbons release lots of when burnt with oxygen? (Combustion)

A

Energy

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15
Q

What occurs when a hydrocarbon burns with ENOUGH oxygen?

A

Complete combustion

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16
Q

Finish the Equation:

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen ——>

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water

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17
Q

What two kinds of reaction is complete combustion?

A

1) Exothermic
2) Oxidation

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18
Q

What do the properties of alkanes depend on?

A

Chain length

19
Q

How is crude oil separated into its different compounds?

A

Fractional distillation

20
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of different hydrocarbons

21
Q

How is crude oil formed?

A

Naturally from condensed animal and plant remains condensed into rocks under high pressure

22
Q

How is crude oil retrieved?

A

By drilling into rocks and sucking it up to the surface

23
Q

What is meant by crude oil being a finite resource?

A

It will run out

24
Q

What is STEP 1 of fractional distillation of crude oil?

A

1) feed the oil into a chamber and heat until most of it is gaseous

25
Q

What is STEP 2 of fractional distillation of crude oil?

A

2) Pass the gaseous mixture into a fractionating column

26
Q

Where is the fractionating column hottest?

A

The bottom

27
Q

What happens when a hydrocarbon reaches a region lower in temperature than it’s boiling point?

A

Is condenses

28
Q

Which two hydrocarbons are longest on chain and therefore condense furthest down the column?

A

1) Bitumen
2) Heavy fuel oil

29
Q

Which 3 hydrocarbons are shortest in length and therefore condense furthest up the column?

A

3)Diesel
2) Kerosene
1)Petrol

30
Q

Which hydrocarbon stays a gas throughout the column?

A

Liquified petroleum gas

31
Q

Why are short hydrocarbons the best fuels?

A

They are the most flammable

32
Q

In what 4 ways are the products of fractional distillation of crude oil used as feedstock in the petrochemical industry?

A

1) solvents
2) Lubricants
3) Polymers
4) Detergents

33
Q

What kind of reaction is cracking?

A

Thermal decomposition

34
Q

Why is cracking used?

A

To separate long chain hydrocarbons into shorter hydrocarbons

35
Q

What is the first step to cracking?

A

1) heat and vaporise the hydrocarbon

36
Q

What happens in catalytic cracking?

A

The vapour is poured over hot, powdered aluminium oxide which the hydrocarbons splits into two on when it comes into contact with it.

37
Q

What happens in steam cracking?

A

The vapour is mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature, which causes the hydrocarbon chain to split

38
Q

What are 4 differences between alkenes and alkanes?

A

1) alkenes have a double CC bond
2) Alkenes are unsaturated
3) Alkenes are more reactive
4) Alkenes decolorise Bromine water

39
Q

Why can Alkenes form polymers by being added together?

A

They have a double CC bond which can break

40
Q

What 3 addition reactions are there of Alkenes?

A

1) with water
2) with hydrogen
3) with halogens

41
Q

What does an Alkenes reacting with water make?

A

An alcohol

42
Q

What does an Alkenes reacting with hydrogen make?

A

An alkane

43
Q

What does an Alkenes reacting with a halogen molecule make?

A

A dihalogenalkane

Hydrocarbons GCSE (1 decks)

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