ALKANES

Question 1

Alkanes consist of …………….. and ………………… only.

Answer 1

Hydrogen, carbon

Question 2

each carbon can make …………. bonds

Answer 2

4

Question 3

each hydrogen can make ……………… bond

Answer 3

1

Question 4

define saturated

Answer 4

full of single bonds

Question 5

what is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 5

CnH2n+2

Question 6

list the names of alkanes in increasing number of carbons

Answer 6

methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane

Question 7

What is a homologous series?

Answer 7

members of a homologous series have the same general formula, trends in physical properties and similar chemical properties.

Question 8

what is a structural isomer?

Answer 8

same molecular formula but different displayed formula

Question 9

what is required for an alkane to react with bromine?

Answer 9

UV light

Question 10

how fast is the reaction between an alkane and bromine?

Answer 10

slow

Question 11

what type of reaction is the reaction between an alkane and bromine? why is it called this?

Answer 11

substitution reaction. one bromine atom replaces a hydrogen atom

Question 12

what are the products of the reaction between an alkane and bromine?

Answer 12

bromo-(alkane) + hydrogen bromide

Question 13

in excess oxygen short chain alkanes can undergo …………………. ……………………

Answer 13

complete combustion

Question 14

if oxygen is limited …………………….. ……………………. will occur

Answer 14

incomplete combustion

Question 15

what are the possible products of incomplete combustion?

Answer 15

carbon dioxide, water, carbon, carbon monoxide

Question 16

………………… is found as an impurity in crude oil and other fossil fuels

Answer 16

sulfur

Question 17

sulphur burns in oxygen to form ……………………

Answer 17

sulfur dioxide

Question 18

how does acid rain form involving sulphur?

Answer 18

if either sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide dissolve in water

Question 19

where can nitrogen and oxygen react and to form what?

Answer 19

in car engines because the temp is high they can form nitrogen monoxide

Question 20

how does acid rain from involving nitrogen?

Answer 20

nitrogen monoxide can react further to form nitrogen dioxide, which can react with water to form nitric acid/acid rain.

Question 21

what are three effects of acid rain?

Answer 21

destroys trees and plants, dissolves limestone structures, kills aquatic life

Question 22

name the three steps of how crude oil is formed?

Answer 22

1. remains of marine animals and plants get buried at the bottom of the ocean in sand and mud, which prevents them from rotting
2. these layers become sedimentary rock
3. over millions of years, heat and pressure builds up causing them to become crude oil and natural gas

Question 23

name the fractions in fractional distillation from bottom to top

Answer 23

bitumen, diesel, kerosene, gasoline, refinery gas