ALKANES Flashcards
Alkanes consist of …………….. and ………………… only.
Hydrogen, carbon
each carbon can make …………. bonds
4
each hydrogen can make ……………… bond
1
define saturated
full of single bonds
what is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
list the names of alkanes in increasing number of carbons
methane ethane propane butane pentane hexane
What is a homologous series?
members of a homologous series have the same general formula, trends in physical properties and similar chemical properties.
what is a structural isomer?
same molecular formula but different displayed formula
what is required for an alkane to react with bromine?
UV light
how fast is the reaction between an alkane and bromine?
slow
what type of reaction is the reaction between an alkane and bromine? why is it called this?
substitution reaction. one bromine atom replaces a hydrogen atom
what are the products of the reaction between an alkane and bromine?
bromo-(alkane) + hydrogen bromide
in excess oxygen short chain alkanes can undergo …………………. ……………………
complete combustion
if oxygen is limited …………………….. ……………………. will occur
incomplete combustion
what are the possible products of incomplete combustion?
carbon dioxide, water, carbon, carbon monoxide
………………… is found as an impurity in crude oil and other fossil fuels
sulfur
sulphur burns in oxygen to form ……………………
sulfur dioxide
how does acid rain form involving sulphur?
if either sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide dissolve in water
where can nitrogen and oxygen react and to form what?
in car engines because the temp is high they can form nitrogen monoxide
how does acid rain from involving nitrogen?
nitrogen monoxide can react further to form nitrogen dioxide, which can react with water to form nitric acid/acid rain.
what are three effects of acid rain?
destroys trees and plants, dissolves limestone structures, kills aquatic life
name the three steps of how crude oil is formed?
- remains of marine animals and plants get buried at the bottom of the ocean in sand and mud, which prevents them from rotting
- these layers become sedimentary rock
- over millions of years, heat and pressure builds up causing them to become crude oil and natural gas
name the fractions in fractional distillation from bottom to top
bitumen, diesel, kerosene, gasoline, refinery gas
