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ORGANIC ROUTES > Aliphatic synthetic routes > Flashcards

Aliphatic synthetic routes Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane —> Haloalkane

A

Halogen/UV light

FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION

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2
Q

Alkene—> Alkane

A

H2/ Ni catalyst
423K

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3
Q

Alkene —> Haloalkane

A

X2 or HX
(Halogen or hydrogen halide)
ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION

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4
Q

Alkene —> Alcohol

A

Steam (H2O)/ H3PO4 catalyst

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5
Q

Haloalkane —> Alcohol

A

NaOH (aq)/ Reflux

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION

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6
Q

Haloalkane — > Nitrile

A

NaCN or KCN in ethanol

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION

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7
Q

Haloalkane —> Amine

A

Excess NH3, in Ethanol
NaOH added to generate amine from the salt
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION

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8
Q

Alcohol —> Haloalkane

A

NaX/ H2SO4
HX formed in situ
Heat w/ reflux

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9
Q

Alcohol —> Alkene

A

Heat under reflux/ conc H2SO4 or conc H3PO4

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10
Q

Secondary Alcohol —> Ketone

A

K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4
Reflux
OXIDATION

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11
Q

Primary Alcohol —> Aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4
Distillation
OXIDATION

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12
Q

Aldehyde —> Primary alcohol

A

NaBH4

REDUCTION

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13
Q

Ketone —> Secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4

REDUCTION

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14
Q

Primary alcohol —> Carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4
Reflux
OXIDATION

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15
Q

Alcohol —> Ester

A
  1. Carboxlyic acid/ conc H2SO4 catalyst
  2. Acid Anhydride
  3. Acyl Chloride
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16
Q

Carboxylic acid —> Ester

A

Alcohol/ conc H2SO4 catalyst

17
Q

Ester —> Carboxylic acid

A

Dilute Acid, Reflux
ACID HYDROLYSIS

18
Q

Ester —> Carboxylate

A

OH- (aq)
Reflux
ALKALI HYDROLYSIS

19
Q

Acyl chloride —> Ester

A

Alcohol

20
Q

Carboxylic acid —> Acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

21
Q

Acyl chloride —> Carboxylic acid

A

H2O

22
Q

Ketone —> Hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN/ H+ (aq)
HCN formed in situ
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

23
Q

Aldehyde —> Hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN/H+ (aq)
HCN formed in situ
NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION

24
Q

Hydroxynitrile —> Amine

A

H2/ Ni catalyst

25
Q

Nitrile —> Amine

A

H2/ Ni catalyst

26
Q

Nitrile —> Carboxylic acid

A

H2O/ HCl
Heat
HYDROLYSIS

27
Q

Acyl chloride —> Primary amide

A

NH3

28
Q

Acyl chloride —> Secondary amide

A

Primary amine

ORGANIC ROUTES (2 decks)

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