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A-Level Chemistry OCR > Aliphatic Reaction Pathways > Flashcards

Aliphatic Reaction Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alkane to Haloalkane

A

Reactants: Halogen (e.g. Cl, Br, or I)
Conditions: UV radiation (to break the C - X bond via heterolytic fission)
Other Products: Halide ion
Type of reaction: Nucleophilic substitution

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2
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

Reactants: CN-/KCN
Conditions: Ethanol Solvent
Other Products: KX
Type of reaction: Nucleophilic substitution

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3
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Haloalkane to Amine

A

Reactants: Excess NH3
Conditions: Ethanol solvent
Other Products: Halide ion/Sodium halide + H2O
Type of reaction: ?

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4
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

Reactants: NaOH(aq)/NaBH4(aq)
Conditions: Reflux for good yield
Other Products: Sodium halide
Type of reaction: Nucleophilic Substitution

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5
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alkene to Haloalkane

A

Reactants: Hydrogen halide/Halogen (X2)
Conditions: RTP
Other Products: (creates two haloalkane isomers if HX)
Type of reaction: Electrophilic Addition

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6
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alkene to Alkane

A

Reactants: H2
Conditions: Ni catalyst
Other products: none
Type of reaction: Electrophilic Addition

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7
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alkene to Alcohol

A

Reactants: H20 (steam)
Conditions: H3PO4 catalyst
Other Products: None
Type of Reaction: Electrophilic Addition

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8
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alcohol to Alkene

A

Reactants: none
Conditions: H3PO4/H2SO4 (conc) catalyst and heat/reflux
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction: Elimination

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9
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alcohol to Haloalkane

A

Reactants: NaX/HX
Conditions: H2SO4 catalyst + reflux?
Other Products: NaOH/H2O
Type of Reaction: Substitution

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10
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for 2ndary Alcohol to Ketone

A

Reactants: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Conditions: Reflux
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction: Oxidation

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11
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for 1 Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

Reactants: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Conditions: Distillation
Other Products: Water
Type of Reaction: Oxidation

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12
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for 1 Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

A

Reactants: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Conditions: Reflux
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction: Oxidation

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13
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alcohol to Ester (Esterification)

A

Reactants: Carboxylic Acid (or acid anhydride with no acid)
Conditions: Conc. H2SO4 + warm?
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction: ?

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14
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Aldehyde to a 1 Alcohol

A

Reactants: NaBH4
Conditions: ?
Other Products: ?
Type of Reaction: Reduction

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15
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Ketone to 2ndary Alcohol

A

Reactants: NaBH4
Conditions: ?
Other Products: ?
Type of Reaction: Reduction

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16
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Ketone to Hydroxynitrile

A

Reactants: NaCN(aq)
Conditions: Acidified (H2SO4)
Other Products:
Type of Reaction: Nucleophilic Addition

17
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Aldehyde to Hydroxynitrile

A

Reactants: NaCN(aq)
Conditions: Acidified (H2SO4)
Other Products:
Type of Reaction: Nucleophilic Addition

18
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

A

Reactants: K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Acidified (H2SO4) + reflux
Other Products:
Type of Reaction: Oxidation

19
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Carboxylic Acid to Ester (Esterification)

A

Reactants: Alcohol
Conditions: Conc. H2SO4 + warm
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction:

20
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride

A

Reactants: SOCl2
Conditions: (preform in fume cupboard, as released gases are toxic)
Other Products: SO2(g) + HCl(g)
Type of Reaction:

21
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Nitrile to Amine

A

Reactants: H2(g)
Conditions: Ni catalyst
Other Products:
Type of Reaction: Reduction

22
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Hydroxynitrile to Amine

A

Reactants: H2(g)
Conditions: Ni catalyst
Other Products:
Type of Reaction:

23
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid

A

Reactants: H2O/HCl
Conditions: Heat
Other Products: NH4+Cl-
Type of Reaction: Hydrolysis

24
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Ester to Carboxylic Acid/Alcohol

A

Reactants:
Conditions: Dilute acid, heat
Other Products: Alcohol/Carboxylic Acid
Type of Reaction: Hydrolysis

25
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Ester to Carboxylate

A

Reactants: OH-
Conditions: (basic) + heat
Other Products: Alcohol?
Type of Reaction: Saponification

26
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Ester

A

Reactants: Alcohol
Conditions:
Other Products: HCl
Type of Reaction:

27
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid

A

Reactants: H2O
Conditions: (violent reaction)
Other Products: HCl
Type of Reaction:

28
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Primary Amide

A

Reactants: 2NH3
Conditions:
Other Products: NH4+Cl-
Type of Reaction:

29
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Secondary Amide

A

Reactants: Primary Amide
Conditions:
Other Products:
Type of Reaction:

30
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Hydroxynitrile to Carboxylic Acid

A

Reactants: H2O/HCl
Conditions: Heat
Other Products: NH4+Cl-
Type of Reaction:

31
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for formation of an addition polymer

A

Reactants: nAlkenes
Conditions:
Other Products:
Type of Reaction: Addition Polymeristion

32
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Phenyl Ester

A

Reactants: Phenol
Conditions:
Other Products: HCl
Type of Reaction:

33
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Carboxylic Acid to Acid Anhydride

A

Reactants: 2 Carboxylic Acids
Conditions:
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction:

34
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Acid Anhydride

A

Reactants: 2 Acyl Chlorides
Conditions:
Other Products: Cl2
Type of Reaction:

35
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for formation of a polyester

A

Reactants: DiCOOH + DiAlcohol !OR! 2 of a COOH+OH on same molecule
Conditions:
Other Products: H2O
Type of reaction: Condensation Polymerisation

36
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for formation of a polyamide

A

Reactants: DiCOOH + DiAmide !OR! 2 of a COOH+NH2 on same molecule
Conditions:
Other Products: H2O
Type of reaction: Condensation Polymerisation

37
Q

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for hydrolysis of a polyester or polyamide

A

Reactants: Polyester/Polyamide + hot aq acid/alkali
Conditions:
Other products: Monomers!!
Type of Reaction: Hydrolysis

A-Level Chemistry OCR (4 decks)

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