Aliphatic pathway conditions

Question 1

Alkane -> haloalkane

Answer 1

Free radical substitution
-halogen
-UV

Question 2

Alkene -> alkane

Answer 2

Electrophilic addition
-H2
-Nickel

Question 3

Alkene -> haloalkane

Answer 3

Electrophilic addition
-HX eg. HCl, HBr

Question 4

Haloalkane -> alcohol

Answer 4

Nucleophilic substitution
-NaOH

Question 5

Alcohol -> haloalkane

Answer 5

-NaX eg. NaCl
-H2SO4

Question 6

Alkene -> alcohol

Answer 6

Electrophilic addition
-Steam
-H3PO4

Question 7

Alcohol -> alkene

Answer 7

-H2SO4
-heat

Question 8

Alcohol -> ketone

Answer 8

Oxidation
-K2Cr2O7
-H2SO4
-reflux

Question 9

Ketone/aldehyde -> alcohol

Answer 9

Reduction
-NaBH4

Question 10

Alcohol -> aldehyde

Answer 10

Oxidation
-H2SO4
-K2Cr2O7
-distillation

Question 11

Aldehyde/alcohol -> COOH

Answer 11

Oxidation
-K2Cr2O7
-H2SO4
-reflux

Question 12

Alcohol -> ester

Answer 12

-COOH + H2SO4
OR
-acid anhydride

Question 13

COOH -> ester

Answer 13

Esterification
-H2SO4
-alcohol

Question 14

Ester -> COOH

Answer 14

-dilute acid
-heat

Question 15

Ester -> carboxylate salt

Answer 15

-OH-
-heat

Question 16

Acyl chloride -> ester

Answer 16

-alcohol

Question 17

COOH -> acyl chloride

Answer 17

-SOCl2

Question 18

Acyl chloride -> COOH

Answer 18

-H2O

Question 19

Acyl chloride -> primary amide

Answer 19

-NH3

Question 20

Acyl chloride -> secondary amide

Answer 20

-primary amine

Question 21

Aldehyde/ketone -> Hydroxynitrile

Answer 21

-NaCN
-H+

Question 22

Hydroxynitrile -> amine

Answer 22

-H2
-Ni

Question 23

COOH -> primary amide

Answer 23

-amine

Question 24

Nitrile -> COOH

Answer 24

-H2O
-HCl
-heat

Question 25

Nitrile -> amine

Answer 25

-H2
-Ni

Question 26

Haloalkane -> amine

Answer 26

-NH3
-ethanol

Question 27

Haloalkane -> nitrile

Answer 27

-CN-
-ethanol