Aliphatic Compounds Synthetic Routes Flashcards by Kyemtha Mathew

Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Halogen, UV

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Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

NaOH (aq)

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Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

CN-, ethanol

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Q

Haloalkane to amine

A

NH3, ethanol

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Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

Sodium halide, sulfuric acid

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Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid, heat

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Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Carboxcylic acid, sulfuric acid
OR
Acid anhydride

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Q

Alcohol to carboxcylic acid

A

potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, REFLUX

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Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

Potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, DISTILLATION

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Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, REFLUX

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Q

Aldehyde to alcohol

A

NaBH4

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Q

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN(aq), H+(aq)

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Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, REFLUX

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Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Alcohol, conc. sulfuric acid

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Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

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Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

H2O

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Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

Alcohol

Q

Acyl chloride to primary amide

A

NH3

Q

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

A

Primary amine

Q

Alkene to alkane

A

Hydrogen, nickel catalyst

Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

Hydrogen halide

Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Steam, phosphoric acid

Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid, heat

Q

Ester to carboxylate

A

OH-, heat

Nitrile to amine

Hydrogen, nickel catalyst

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

Water, HCl, heat

Ketone to alcohol

NaBH4

Ketone to hydroxynitrile

NaCN(aq), H+(aq)

Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

Water, HCl, heat

What is the formula for potassium dichromate?

K2Cr2O7

What can alkanes form?

Haloalkanes

What can haloalkanes form? ANA

Alcohols Nitriles Amines

What can alcohols form? AKACHE

``` Alkenes Ketones Aldehydes Carboxylic acids Haloalkanes Esters ```

What can aldehydes form? ACH

Alcohols Carboxylic acids Hydroxynitriles

What can carboxylic acids form?

Acyl chlorides | Esters

What can acyl chlorides form? SPEC

Secondary amides Primary amides Esters Carboxylic acids

What can alkenes form? AHA

Alkanes Haloalkanes Alcohols

What can esters form? CC

Carboxylic acids | Carboxylates

What can nitriles form?

Amines | Carboxylic acids

What can ketones form?

Alcohols | Hydroxynitriles

What can hydroxynitriles form?

Amines | Carboxylic acids