Aliphatic compounds Flashcards
Alkane to Haloalkane
Halogen
UV
Radical substitution
Alkene to Alkane
Hydrogen
Ni catalyst
Electrophilic Addition
150 degreesC
Alkene to Haloalkane
HX
Electrophilic Addition
20 degreesC
Haloalkane to Nitrile
NaCN / KCN
Ethanol
Reflux
Haloalkane to Amine
Excess ethanolic ammonia
Heat
Nitrile to Amine
LiAlH4
Hydrogen / Dilute acid
Ni/Pt catalyst
High temperature and pressure
Alkene to Alcohol
Steam
H3PO4 catalyst
300 degreesC
60-70 atm
Haloalkane to Alcohol
NaOH
H2O
Reflux
Alcohol to Haloalkane
NaX
H2SO4
20 degreesC
Alcohol to Alkene
conc. H3PO4 / H2SO4
170 degreesC
Alcohol to Ketone
Secondary alcohol
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Reflux
Alcohol to Aldehyde
Primary alcohol
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Distill
Ketone to Alcohol
NaBH4
Aldehyde to Alcohol
NaBH4
Aldehyde to Hydroxynitrile
HCN / NaCN H+
Ketone to Hydroxynitrile
HCN / NaCN H+
Hydroxynitrile to Amine
LiAlH4
Hydrogen / dilute acid
Ni/Pt catalyst
High temperature and pressure
Alcohol to Ester
Carboxylic acid
H2SO4
OR Acid anhydride
Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid
Primary alcohol
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Reflux
Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
Refluc
(Hydroxy)Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid
Dilute HCl
Heat (reflux)
H2O
Carboxylic Acid to Ester
Alcohol
H2SO4
Heat
Ester to Carboxylic Acid
Dilute acid / alkali
Heat (reflux)
Acyl Chloride to Ester
Alcohol
20 degreesC
Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid
H2O
Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride
SOCl2
Acyl Chloride to Primary Amide
NH3
20 degreesC
Acyl Chloride to Secondary Amide
Primary amine
20 degreesC