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Synthetic Routes > Aliphatic Compounds > Flashcards

Aliphatic Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

Alkene - Dihaloalkane

A

X2, 20 degrees

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2
Q

Alkene - Alkane

A

H2, Ni catalyst, 150 degrees

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3
Q

Alkane - Haloalkane

A

X2, UV light

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4
Q

Alkene - Haloalkane

A

HX, 20 degrees

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5
Q

Haloalkane - Alcohol

A

Warm NaOH or KOH, H2O, reflux

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6
Q

Alcohol - Haloalkane

A

NaX, H2SO4, 20 degrees

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7
Q

Alcohol - Alkene

A

Conc H2SO4 or H3PO4 (catalyst) 170 degrees

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8
Q

Alkene - Alcohol

A

Steam, H3PO4 catalyst, 300 degrees, 60-70 atm

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9
Q

Alcohol - Ester

A

Carboxylic acid, acid catalyst, heat

or acyl chloride or acid anhydride

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10
Q

Ester - Alcohol

A

Dilute acid or alkali, reflux

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11
Q

Haloalkane - Amine

A

Excess ethanolic ammonia (or amines), heat

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12
Q

Haloalkane - Nitrile

A

NaCN or KCN, ethanol, reflux

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13
Q

Nitrile - Amine

A

LiAlH4 then dilute acid.

or H2, Ni/Pt catalyst, high temperature and pressure

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14
Q

Nitrile - Carboxylic acid

A

Dilute HCl, reflux

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15
Q

Alcohol - Aldehyde/Ketone

A

K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat
Distill primary alcohols for aldehydes, Reflux secondary alcohols for ketones. Refluxing a primary alcohol gives a carboxylic acid.

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16
Q

Aldehyde/Ketone - Alcohol

A

NaBH4 then water.
aldehyde - primary
ketone - secondary

17
Q

Aldehyde/Ketone - Hydroxynitrile

18
Q

Hydroxynitrile - Amine

A

LiAlH4 then dilute acid

or H2, Ni/Pt catalyst, high temperature and pressure

19
Q

Hydroxynitrile - Carboxylic acid

A

Dilute HCl, reflux

20
Q

Aldehyde - Carboxylic acid

A

Kr2Cr2O7, H2SO4, reflux

21
Q

Carboxylic acid - Acyl Chloride

22
Q

Acyl Chloride - Carboxylic acid

23
Q

Carboxylic acid - Ester

A

Alcohol, acid catalyst, heat

24
Q

Ester - Carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid or alkali, reflux

25
Q

Acyl Chloride - Ester

A

Alcohol, 20 degrees

26
Q

Acyl Chloride - Amide

A

NH3, 20 degrees - primary amide

Amine, 20 degrees - secondary amide

Synthetic Routes (4 decks)

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