Aliphatic Compounds Flashcards
Alkane —> Haloalkane
X2, UV Light
Haloalkane —> Nitrile
NaCN or KCN, ethanol, reflux
Haloalkane —> Amine
Excess Ethanolic Ammonia (or amines), heat
Haloalkane —> Alcohol
Warm NaOH or KOH, H2O, Reflux
Alcohol —> Haloalkane
NaX, H2SO4
Alcohol —> Ester
Carboxylic Acid, Conc. Acid Catalyst, Heat
Or Acyl Choride or Acid Anhydride
Primary Alcohol —> Aldehyde
Acidified Potassium Dichromate, Distillation
Primary Alcohol —> Carboxylic Acid
Acidified Potassium Dichromate, Reflux
Secondary Alcohol —> Ketone
Acidified Potassium Dichromate, Reflux
Alcohol —> Alkene
Conc. H2SO4 or H3PO4 catalyst, 170 Degrees
Alkene –> Alcohol
Steam, H3PO4(s) catalyst, 300 Degrees, 60-70atm
Alkene –> Haloalkane
HX
Alkene –> Alkane
H2, Ni Catalyst, 150 Degrees
Alkene –> Dihaloalkane
X2
Nitrile –> Amine
LiAlH4 then Dilute acid
Or H2, Ni Catalyst, High Temp and Pressure
Nitrile –> Carboxylic Acid
Dilute HCl, Reflux
Aldehyde –> Carboxylic Acid
Acidified Potassium Dichromate, Reflux
Aldehyde –> Hydroxynitrile
HCN
Aldehyde –> Primary Alcohol
NaBH4 then H2O
Ketone –> Hydroxynitrile
HCN
Ketone –> Secondary Alcohol
NaBH4 then H2O
Hydroxynitrile –> Carboxylic Acid
Dilute HCL, Reflux
Hydroxynitrile –> Amine
LiAlH4 then Dilute acid
Or H2, Ni Catalyst, High Temp and Pressure
Carboxylic Acid –> Ester
Alcohol, Conc. Acid Catalyst, Heat
Carboxylic Acid –> Acyl Chloride
SOCl2
Acyl Chloride –> Carboxylic Acid
Cold H2O
Acyl Chloride –> Primary Amide
NH3
Acyl Chloride –> Secondary Amide
Primary Amine
Acyl Chloride –> Ester
Alcohol
Ester –> Carboxylic Acid
Dilute Acid, Reflux
Ester –> Carboxylate Salt
Dilute Alkali, Reflux
Ester –> Alcohol
Dilute Acid or Alkali, Reflux