Alimentary Tract

Question 1

Describe:

Type 3 GNET

Answer 1

Single large; risk of metastases 50–100%; CgA negative; 14–25% of GNETs

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 18

Question 2

Describe:

Type 2 GNET

Answer 2

Multifocal and associated with MEN type 1/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; CgA positive; 5–6% of GNETs

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 18

Question 3

Describe:

Type 1 GNET

Answer 3

Multifocal and associated with chronic atrophic gastritis; CgA positive; 70–80% of GNETs

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 18

Question 4

Describe:

Type V gastric ulcer

Answer 4

NSAID-associated ulcer

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

Question 5

Describe:

Type IV gastric ulcer

Answer 5

Proximal stomach or cardia ulcer

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

Question 6

Describe:

Type III gastric ulcer

Answer 6

Prepyloric ulcer

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

Question 7

Describe:

Type II gastric ulcer

Answer 7

Gastric ulcer in body with duodenal ulcer

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

Question 8

Describe:

Type I gastric ulcer

Answer 8

Ulcer in antrum near lesser curve

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

Question 9

What is . . .

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for C. difficile colitis

Answer 9

Used to detect toxin-producing genes, susceptible to false positives

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 7

Question 10

Drug recommended for:

Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis

Answer 10

Fidaxomicin

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 14

Question 11

Drug recommended for first-line treatment . . .

C. difficile colitis

Answer 11

Vancomycin

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 14

Question 12

Appropriate treatment for:

Fecal transplantation

Answer 12

Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 29

Question 13

What is . . .

Ipilimumab

Answer 13

Monoclonal antibody that modulates the immune system, showing promise in the setting of metastatic melanoma

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 31

Question 14

Describe:

Desmoid tumors

Answer 14

Aggressive local growth and invasion; not considered a true malignancy

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 27

Question 15

Pharmacologic treatment for:

Acute colonic pseudo obstruction

Answer 15

Neostigmine

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 19

Question 16

Describe an etiology:

Zenker diverticulum

Answer 16

Pseudodiverticulum that contains only mucosa and submucosa
Pulsion diverticulum through Killian triangle
See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 5

Question 17

Most effective treatment:

Esophageal achalasia

Answer 17

Heller myotomy

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 16

Question 18

Associated with which type of internal hernia:

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Answer 18

Meso jejunal mesenteric window

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 12

Question 19

Associated with . . .

B-cell gastric lymphomas associated with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Answer 19

Up to 90% associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 8

Question 20

What is . . .

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

Answer 20

Most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract; derived from the intestinal cells of Cajal

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 6

Question 21

Appropriate treatment of . . .

2.5 cm carcinoid of the appendix

Answer 21

Right hemicolectomy

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 3

Question 22

What is . . .

Complicated appendicitis

Answer 22

Defined as perforation; the presence of an abscess, phlegmon, or an appendicolith; or suspicion of a tumor

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 1

Question 23

What is . . .

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Answer 23

Causes dysphagia and food impaction in children and young adults

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part I 20

Question 24

Name the condition treated by the following technique:

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM)

Answer 24

Achalasia

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part I 9

Question 25

What is . . .

Type V bile duct cyst

Answer 25

Intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli disease)

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 10

Question 26

What is . . .

Type IV bile duct cyst

Answer 26

Includes multiple cysts, which can be intra and extra hepatic

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 10

Question 27

What is . . .

Type III bile duct cyst

Answer 27

Dilation of the common bile duct within the wall of the duodenum

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 10

Question 28

What is . . .

Type II bile duct cyst

Answer 28

Single saccular diverticulum of the common bile duct

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 10

Question 29

What is . . .

Type I bile duct cyst

Answer 29

Fusiform dilatation of a portion or entire common bile duct with normal intrahepatic duct and accounts for 80−90% of all cases

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 10

Question 30

What is . . .

Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)

Answer 30

Tests for hidden blood in the stool; not influenced by other peroxidase reactions that result in false-positive results with standard guaiac testing

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part I 2; Part IV 8–10

Question 31

The best use of . . .

Fecal occult blood testing

Answer 31

Is in testing for hidden blood in the stool and in screening large populations for colorectal cancer

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part I 2; Part III 8; Part IV 8–10

Question 32

What is . . .

CT colonography

Answer 32

Uses high-resolution CT scan of the abdomen to screen the colon for polyps. Requires bowel preparation.

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 8; Part IV 8–10

Question 33

What is . . .

Multitarget stool DNA test

Answer 33

Examines a stool sample for several DNA abnormalities associated with colorectal neoplasms

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 8; Part IV 8–10