Alimentary Tract Flashcards by Michael L Green Jr.

Describe:

Type 3 GNET

Single large; risk of metastases 50–100%; CgA negative; 14–25% of GNETs

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 18

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Describe:

Type 2 GNET

Multifocal and associated with MEN type 1/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; CgA positive; 5–6% of GNETs

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Alimentary Tract Part III 18

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Describe:

Type 1 GNET

Multifocal and associated with chronic atrophic gastritis; CgA positive; 70–80% of GNETs

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 18

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Describe:

Type V gastric ulcer

NSAID-associated ulcer

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

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Describe:

Type IV gastric ulcer

Proximal stomach or cardia ulcer

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

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Describe:

Type III gastric ulcer

Prepyloric ulcer

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

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Describe:

Type II gastric ulcer

Gastric ulcer in body with duodenal ulcer

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

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Describe:

Type I gastric ulcer

Ulcer in antrum near lesser curve

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 27

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What is . . .

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for C. difficile colitis

Used to detect toxin-producing genes, susceptible to false positives

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 7

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Drug recommended for:

Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis

Fidaxomicin

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 14

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Drug recommended for first-line treatment . . .

C. difficile colitis

Vancomycin

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 14

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Appropriate treatment for:

Fecal transplantation

Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 29

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What is . . .

Ipilimumab

Monoclonal antibody that modulates the immune system, showing promise in the setting of metastatic melanoma

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 31

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Describe:

Desmoid tumors

Aggressive local growth and invasion; not considered a true malignancy

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 27

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Pharmacologic treatment for:

Acute colonic pseudo obstruction

Neostigmine

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 19

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Describe an etiology:

Zenker diverticulum

Pseudodiverticulum that contains only mucosa and submucosa
Pulsion diverticulum through Killian triangle
See item:
Alimentary Tract Part IV 5

Most effective treatment:

Esophageal achalasia

Heller myotomy

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part III 16

Associated with which type of internal hernia:

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Meso jejunal mesenteric window

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 12

Associated with . . .

B-cell gastric lymphomas associated with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Up to 90% associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 8

What is . . .

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

Most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract; derived from the intestinal cells of Cajal

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 6

Appropriate treatment of . . .

2.5 cm carcinoid of the appendix

Right hemicolectomy

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 3

What is . . .

Complicated appendicitis

Defined as perforation; the presence of an abscess, phlegmon, or an appendicolith; or suspicion of a tumor

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part II 1

What is . . .

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Causes dysphagia and food impaction in children and young adults

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part I 20

Name the condition treated by the following technique:

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM)

Achalasia

See item:
Alimentary Tract Part I 9

What is . . . Type V bile duct cyst

Intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli disease) See item: Alimentary Tract Part III 10

What is . . . Type IV bile duct cyst

Includes multiple cysts, which can be intra and extra hepatic See item: Alimentary Tract Part III 10

What is . . . Type III bile duct cyst

Dilation of the common bile duct within the wall of the duodenum See item: Alimentary Tract Part III 10

What is . . . Type II bile duct cyst

Single saccular diverticulum of the common bile duct See item: Alimentary Tract Part III 10

What is . . . Type I bile duct cyst

Fusiform dilatation of a portion or entire common bile duct with normal intrahepatic duct and accounts for 80−90% of all cases See item: Alimentary Tract Part III 10

What is . . . Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)

Tests for hidden blood in the stool; not influenced by other peroxidase reactions that result in false-positive results with standard guaiac testing See item: Alimentary Tract Part I 2; Part IV 8–10

The best use of . . . Fecal occult blood testing

Is in testing for hidden blood in the stool and in screening large populations for colorectal cancer See item: Alimentary Tract Part I 2; Part III 8; Part IV 8–10

What is . . . CT colonography

Uses high-resolution CT scan of the abdomen to screen the colon for polyps. Requires bowel preparation. See item: Alimentary Tract Part III 8; Part IV 8–10

What is . . . Multitarget stool DNA test

Examines a stool sample for several DNA abnormalities associated with colorectal neoplasms See item: Alimentary Tract Part III 8; Part IV 8–10