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Alimentary / GI System Flashcards

1
Q

Esophagus lies _____ to the trachea.

A

posterior

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2
Q

Esophagus is made out of ___________, and ____________ muscle.

A

skeletal, smooth

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle is voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

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4
Q

Smooth muscle is voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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5
Q

Esophageal atresia

A

malformation of esophagus

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6
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passageway connecting two organs

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7
Q

atresia

A

absence of opening

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8
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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9
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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10
Q

First step of digestion

A

mastication (chewing)

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11
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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12
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen, varicose veins at the distal (lower) end of the esophagus

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13
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

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14
Q

GERD

A

gastro-esophageal reflux disease

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15
Q

esophageal reflux

A

(chronic) return of stomach contents into the esophagus

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16
Q

linx ring

A

many patients who suffer from GERD often get a “linx ring”, which acts like a closing passage way & stretches to allow food, and closes to ensure no reflux

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17
Q

esophageal diverticula

A

outpouchings of the esophageal wall
- mushroom looking

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18
Q

Zenker’s (esophageal diverticula)

A

outpouchings in the top/ proximal esophagus

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19
Q

Midesophageal (Traction) Diverticula

A

outpouchings in the mid esophagus

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20
Q

Epiphrenic diverticula

A

outpouching found in the lower/ distal esophagus

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21
Q

diverticula

A

one

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22
Q

diverticulum

A

multiple (2+)

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23
Q

divertriculitis

A

multiple (2+) and inflammed

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24
Q

esophageal achalasia

A

an abnormal condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly due to SWELLING or OBSTRUCTION and prevents food from going into stomach “blockage”

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25
Q

perforation

A

tear in the muscle lining of the duodenum

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26
Q

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (“Apple Core” effect)

A

a tear or laceration of mucous membrane where stomach & esophagus meet

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27
Q

If pt is in LPO position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

A

Barium in the fundus (top)
Air in the pylorus ( bottom)

28
Q

If pt is in RAO position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

A

Air in fundus (top)
Barium in pylorus (bottom)

29
Q

If pt is in AP position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

A

Barium in the fundus (top)
Air in the pylorus ( bottom)

30
Q

If pt is in PA position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

A

Air in fundus (top)
Barium in pylorus (bottom)

31
Q

If pt is in Right Lateral position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

A

Air in fundus (top)
Barium in pylorus (bottom)

32
Q

If pt is in Left Lateral position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

A

Barium in the fundus (top)
Air in the pylorus ( bottom)

33
Q

RAO:
Barium in ____
Air in _____

A

Barium in pylorus
Air in fundus

34
Q

LPO:
Barium in ____
Air in ____

A

Barium in fundus
Air in pylorus

35
Q

AP:
Barium in ____
Air in ____

A

Barium in fundus
Air in pylorus

36
Q

PA:
Barium in ____
Air in ____

A

Barium in pylorus
Air in fundus

37
Q

Left Lateral
Barium in ____
Air in ____

A

Barium in fundus
Air in pylorus

38
Q

Right Lateral
Barium in ____
Air in ____

A

Barium in pylorus
Air in fundus

39
Q

Best position to lie down when stomach is full?

40
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

41
Q

gastroentroitis

A

inflammation of the stomach and small bowel lining

42
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

A

Chronic irritation, burning pain, and possibly form an ulcer
- involves stomach (lesser curvature) and duodenum
- caused by the action of acid and enzyme pepsin secreted by the stomach

43
Q

gastric ulcer

A

ulcer located in the stomach
- can be benign (not dangerous)
- can be malignant (dangerous)

44
Q

hiatal hernia

A

a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

45
Q

inguinal hernia

A

bowel goes through inguinal muscle into scrotum

46
Q

How long is small intestine?

47
Q

How long is duodenum?

48
Q

How long is the jejunum?

49
Q

How long is ileum?

50
Q

Duodenum is..
A - Superior
B - In the middle
C - Inferior

A

A - Superior

51
Q

Jejunum is…
A - Superior
B - In the middle
C - Inferior

A

B - In the middle

52
Q

Ileum is…
A - Superior
B - In the middle
C - Inferior

A

C - Inferior

53
Q

crohn’s disease

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon
- cobblestone appearance
- AKA regional enteritis

54
Q

celiac disease

A
  • malabsorption in the small intestine
  • sensitive to wheat products
  • non-uniform appearance on image
55
Q

4 Regions of the large intestine

A
  1. cecum
  2. colon
  3. rectum
  4. anus
56
Q

Positive contrast agent:

57
Q

Negative contrast agent:

A

Fizzies (or air)

58
Q

Which parts of the colon are anterior?

A

Sigmoid and Transverse colon

59
Q

Which parts of the colon are posterior?

A

Ascending colon, descending colon, & rectum

60
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)

A

blockage in the intestinal tract

61
Q

partial bowel obstruction includes…

A

liquid, stool, and gas (may pass)

62
Q

complete bowel obstruction

A

prevents passage of all contents and fluid through the bowel, nothing will be able to pass

63
Q

What are two ways we can identify the ileus?

A
  1. step ladder affect
  2. stacked coin appearance
64
Q

intussusception

A

(SMALL OR LARGE) bowel folds in on itself
- in some cases small intestine can fold into the colon

65
Q

volvulus

A

(SMALL OR LARGE) bowel twist on itself; torsion

66
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
- tube like appearance
- no haustral markings

Pathology (1 decks)

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