Alimentary Canal

Question 1

mouth and oropharynx function

Answer 1

chops and lubricates food, starts carbohydrate digestion, delivers food to oesophagus

Question 2

Oesophagus function

Answer 2

propels food to stomach

Question 3

stomach function

Answer 3

stores/churns food, continues carb digestion, initiates protein digestion, regulates delivery of chyme to duodenum

Question 4

small intestine parts

Answer 4

duodenum > jejunum > ileum

Question 5

small intestine function

Answer 5

principle site of digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 6

large intestine parts

Answer 6

caecum > appendix > ascending colon > transverse colon > descending colon

Question 7

large intestine function

Answer 7

colon reabsorbs fluids and electrolytes, stores faecal matter before delivery to rectum

Question 8

correct order of structures in digestive tract wall (inside>out)

Answer 8

villus > lamina propria > muscularis mucosae > submucosa > circular muscle > longitudinal muscle > serosa

Question 9

4 main functions of A.C.

Answer 9

motility
secretion
digestion
absorption

Question 10

circular muscle contraction…

Answer 10

lumen gets narrower and longer

Question 11

longitudinal muscle contraction

Answer 11

intestine gets fatter and shorter

Question 12

how does electrical current get from cell to cell

Answer 12

synchronous wave via

gap junctions

Question 13

slow waves determine what of the intestinal contractions

Answer 13

their:
frequency
direction
velocity

Question 14

what drives slow waves

Answer 14

ICCs- interstitial cells of cajal

Question 15

force of contraction relates to

Answer 15

NUMBER of action potentials sent off

Question 16

parasympathetic excitatory stimuli =>

Answer 16

increased:
secretion
blood flow
contraction

Question 17

parasympathetic inhibitory stimuli =>

Answer 17

relaxation of:
specific sphincters
stomach

Question 18

sympathetic excitatory stimuli =>

Answer 18

increased sphincter tone

Question 19

sympathetic inhibitory stimuli =>

Answer 19

decreased:
motility
secretion
blood flow

Question 20

myenteric plexus : location and function?

Answer 20

between circular and longitudinal muscle layers
regulates:
- motility
- sphincters

Question 21

submucosal plexus : location and function?

Answer 21

between submucosa and circular muscle
regulates:
- epithelia
- blood flow

Question 22

local reflex

Answer 22

-> myenteric plexus

doesn’t leave gi system

Question 23

short reflex

Answer 23

-> prevertebral ganglion

Question 24

long reflex

Answer 24

->brain or spinal cord

Question 25

during peristalsis what do the muscles do in the PROPULSING segment

Answer 25

longitudinal muscle: RELAXES
- due to VIP and NO
circular muscle: CONTRACTS
- due to ACh and substance P

Question 26

during peristalsis what do the muscles do in the RECIEVING segment

Answer 26

longitudinal muscle: CONTRACTS
- due to ACh and substance P
circular muscle: RELAXES
- due to VIP and NO

Question 27

Motility patterns

Answer 27

segmentation/haustration
colonic mass movement
migrating motor complex (MMC)
tonic contractions

Question 28

segmentation/haustration

Answer 28

circular muscle
rhythmic contractions
mix and divide contents

Question 29

colonic mass movement

Answer 29

colon
powerful sweeping contraction
forces faeces into rectum
couple times/day

Question 30

migrating motor complex (MMC)

Answer 30

stomach -> terminal ileum
powerful sweeping contraction
housekeeping role

Question 31

tonic contractions

Answer 31

sustained contraction
low pressure - organs w storage function eg stomach
high pressure - sphincters