Alimentary Canal Flashcards by Adah Arcete

It is the breakdown id ingested food and the absorption of nutrients into the blood

Digestion

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• production of cellular energy (ATP)
• constructive and drgradative cellular activities

Metabolism

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ATP stands for?

Adenosine Triphosphate

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2 main groups of the Digestive system

• alimentary canal
• accessory digestive organ

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Organs of the alimentary canal

• mouth
•pharynx
• esophagus
•stomach
•small intestine
•large intestine
• anus

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Protect the anterior opening

Lips( Labia)

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Form the lateral walls

Cheeks

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Forms the anterior roof

Hard palate

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Forms the posterior roof

Soft palate

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Fleshy projection of the roof soft palate

Uvula

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Spaces between lips externally and teeth and guns internally

Vestibule

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Area contained by the teeth

Oral cavity

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Attached at hyoid and styloid processes of the skill and by the lingual frenulum

Tongue

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2 type of tonsils

• palatine tonsils
• lingual tonsil

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Processes of the mouth

•mastication(chewing) of food
•mixing masticated food with saliva
•initiation of swallowing by the tongue •allowing for the sense of taste

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3 types of pharynx

• nasopharynx
•oropharynx
•laryngopharynx

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It is not part of the digestive system

Nasopharynx

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Posterior to oral cavity

Oropharynx

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Below the oropharynx and connected to the esophagus

Laryngopharynx

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Serves as the passageway for air and food

Pharynx

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2 muscle layers of the esophagus

•Longitudinal inner layer
• circular outer layer

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Food movement by contractions of the muscle layers

Peristalsis

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•runs from the pharynx to stomach through the diaphragm
• conducts food by peristalsis
• passageway dor food only

Esophagus

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Layers of alimentary Canal organs

• mucosa
•submucosa
• muscularis externa
•serosa

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•innermost layer • moist membrane •surface epithelium • small amount if connective tissue(lamina propria) •small smooth muscle layer

Mucosa

•jsut beneath the mucosa •Soft conenctive tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and lymphatics

Submucosa

•just beneath the mucosa •Soft conenctive tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and lymphatics

Submucosa

•smooth muscle • inner circular layer • outer longitudinal layer

Muscularis externa

•The outer most layer - visceral peritoneum • layer of serous fulid- producing cells

Serosa

•located on the left side of the abdominal cavity • food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter

Stomach

Regions of the stomach

•cardiac region • fundus • body • pylorus

Funnel-shaped terminal end

Pylorus

Food empties jnto the small instestine at the _______________

Pyloric sphincter

Internal folds of the mucosa

Rugae

External regions of the stomach

•Lesser curvature • greater curvature

Layers of peritoneum attached to the stomach

•lesser omentum •greater omentum

Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature

Lesser omentum

Attaches the greater curvature to the posterior body wall

Greater omentum

•acts as the storage tank for food • site of food breakdown • chemical breakdown of protein begins • delivers chyme (processed food) to the small intestine

Stomach

Specialized mucosa of the stomach • simple columnar epithelium

• mucous neck cells • gastric glands • chief cells • parietal cells • endocrine cells

Produce a stick alkaline mucus

Mucous neck cells

Secretes gastric juice

Gastic glands

Produce protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens)

Chief cells

Produce hydrochloric acid

Parietal cells

Produce gastrin

Endocrine cells

It is formed by folded mucosa

Gastric pits

• the body’s major digestive organ • site of nutrient absorption into the blood • muscular tube extending form the pyloric sphicter to the ileocecal valve • suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery

Small intestine

Subdivisions of the small intestine

• duodenum • jejunum • ileum

• attached to the stomach • curves around the head of the pancreas

Duodenum

Attaches anteriorly to the duodenum

Jejunum

Extends from jejunum to the large intestine

Ileum

Digested food in the stomach with gastric juices

Chyme

It is a masticated food mixed with saliva

Bolus

Bile enters from the _____

Gallbladder

• finger-like structure formed by the mucosa • give the small intestine more surface area

Villi

•small projecttions of the plasma membrane • found on absorptive cells

Microvilli

Structures involving in absorption of nutrients

• absorptive cells • blood capillaries • lacteals

Folds of the small intestine is called

Circular folds or plicae circulares

Larger in diameter, but shorter than the small intestine and it frams the internal abdomen

Large intestine

Produce mucus to act as a lubricant

Goblet cells

Saclike first part of the large intestine

Cecum

• accumulation of lymphatic tissue tagt sometimes becomes inflamed •hangs from the cecum

Appendix

Walls are formed into pocketlike sacs in the large intestine is called____

Haustra

What do you call the crossing of the large intestine? Each side roght and left

• right colic (hepatic) flexure • left colic ( splenic) flexure