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yr2 > Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of digestive system

A
  • Digestion
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Motility
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2
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

1) sublingual
2) submandibular
3) parotid

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3
Q

Large intestine is made up of:

A
  • colon
  • caecum
  • rectum
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4
Q

Mouth

A

Foodstuffs broken down by chewing; saliva added as lubricant

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5
Q

Oesophagus

A

connects mouth to stomach

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6
Q

Stomach

A

protein digested, food turned to liquid, storage and sterilisation (has HCL for protein digestion and sterilisation)

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7
Q

Pancreas

A

Digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbohydrates & proteins

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8
Q

Liver

A

Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intestine

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9
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores and concentrates bile (underneath liver)

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10
Q

Small intestine

A

Final stages of chemical digestion & nutrient absorption

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11
Q

Large intestine

A

Water & salt absorption, bacterial colonisation, forms faeces (removing water to solidify faeces)

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12
Q

Structure of alimentary canal:

A

Continuous hollow tube (varying diameter)
Oesophagus  rectum (~ 8 metres long)
Tube wall has same structural organisation throughout length

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13
Q

Four distinctive layers (tunics)

A

Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria(loose connective tissue), muscularis mocusae(thin layer of smooth muscle))
Submucosa (thicker) (connective tissue, vessels, nerves)
Muscularis externa (muscle) (circular muscle layer on inside and longitudinal layer on outside)
Serosa (inside peritoneum cavity)/adventitia (outside peritoneum cavity)(connective tissue)

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14
Q

Structure of alimentary canal

A
  • Continuous hollow tube
  • 8m long (oesophagus to rectum)
  • Tube wall has same structural organisation throughout length
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15
Q

Blood Bessel plexus

A
  • Between submucosa & circular muscalaris layer (submucosal plexus)
  • Between circular & longitudinal muscle layer (of muscular) (myenteric plexus)
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16
Q

Gut

A

Has a lot of neutrons that give it a brain of its own

17
Q

Enteric Nervous System consists of

A

Submucosal & myenteric system (controls whole gut)

18
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium in

A

Mouth, oesophagus, anal canal

19
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Stomach, small & large intestine

20
Q

Epithelium makes & secretes:

A

Enzymes, hormones & mucos

21
Q

What is lamina propia?

A

Loose connective tissue (glands, blood/lymph vessels)

22
Q

What is muscular mucosae?

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

23
Q

Submucosa

A
  • Thick irregular connective tissue for support
  • Has neurons & vessels
  • Submucosal (Meissner´s) plexus (parasympathetic/rest & digest) (between submucosa & muscular layer)
  • Submucosal glands in oesophagus (lubricant) & duodenum (start of intestine)(carbonates to neutralise acid from stomach)
24
Q

Serosa/Adventitia

A

Connective tissue outer layer of alimentary canal

25
Q

Outside peritoneal cavity, Adventitia attaches

A

oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

26
Q

Inside peritoneal cavity Serusa surrounds:

A

Stomach, small intestine and large intestine

27
Q

Muscular Externa consists of 2 concentric thick layers of smooth muscle

A

1) Inner layers = circular muscle

2) Outer layer = longitudinal muscle (shortens tube)

28
Q

Muscle contraction for motility/movement =>

A

peristalsis, segmentation

29
Q

Submucosal + myenteric plexuses =

A

enteric nervous system (ENS) –> independent control of gut function

30
Q

Autonomic control

A

Long (parasympathetic) and short (ENS) reflexes

31
Q

Parasympathetic => vagus nerve

A

stimulates secretion & motility

32
Q

Sympathetic => splanchnic nerve

A

Inhibits secretion & motility doesn’t affect salivation

33
Q

Arterial supply:

A

Descending aorta has 3 branches that supply different segments of the alimentary canal

34
Q

Celiac trunk:

A

stomach, upper small intestine (duodenum), pancreas, liver

35
Q

Superior mesenteric artery:

A

Lower small intestine, caecum, ascending & transverse colon

36
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery:

A

Descending and sigmoid colon, rectum

37
Q

Venous drainage

A

Stomach drains: gastric veins
Pancreas drains: splenic vein
Small intestine, caecum, ascending & transverse colon: superior mesenteric vein
Descending & sigmoid colon, rectum: inferior mesenteric vein

All drain into hepatic portal vein (into liver), to hepatic vein

38
Q

Hepatic portal control

A
  • Hepatic artery brings oxygenated blood to liver
  • Hepatic portal vein brings deoxygenated blood from GI tract to liver for cleaning
  • Hepatic vein then drains the blood from liver back to inferior vena cava

yr2 (9 decks)

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