Alimentary 2-5 Flashcards
List whether the following are retroperitoneal or suspended organs:
a) ascending colon
b) transverse colon
c) descending colon
d) sigmoid colon
a) retro
b) suspended
c) retro
d) suspended
True or False: the small intestines begin at the pyloric sphincter of stomach and ends at the caecum
False: ends at ileocaecal valve
True or false: the duodenum is approximately 25cm, the jejunum is remaining 3/5ths and the ileum is the remaining 2/5ths
False: jejunum is 2/5ths and ileum is 3/5ths
True or false: the first part of the duodenum is suspended by the greater and lesser omentum
True: the rest of the duodenum is retroperitoneal
What are the permanent circular folds of the duodenum called?
plicae
True or false: the plicae of the duodenum are permanent circular folds that are more pronounced in the proximal duodenum
true
which is these is FALSE regarding the first part of the duodenum:
a) attached to the posterior body wall
b) posterior is the portal vein and bile duct
c) anterior is the gall bladder and quadrate lobe of the liver
d) also known as duodenum cap
a) attached to greater and lesser omentum
which of these is FALSE regarding the second part of the duodenum:
a) posterior is the hilum of the right kidney
b) the bile and main pancreatic duct empty into major duodenal papilla
c) the head of the pancreas is distal
d) the lesser duodenal papilla for the accessory bile duct may be above the major duodenal bile duct
c) head of the pancreas is medial
True or false: The third part of the duodenum is in front of the right psoas
true
True or false: the third part of the duodenum is in front of the superior mesenteric vessels, unicate process, and head of pancreas
false: its behind all those structures
True or false: the fourth part of the duodenum is posterolateral to the left kidney
true
the duodenal junction is between the duodenum and ____ and lies at L_, just medial to the left ____
jejunum, L2, kidney
true or false: both the jejunum and ileum are suspended organs with internal transverse folds
true
The duodenum has three flexures called:
a) Between 1st and 2nd part:
b) Between 2nd and 3rd part:
c) Between 4th and jejunum:
a) superior duodenal flexure
b) inferior duodenal flexure
c) duodenojejunal flexure
true or false: the line between the foregut and midgut lies in the 3rd region of the duodenum
false: 2nd region
an accessory pancreatic duct goes into the lesser duodenal papilla. this occurs if ___ and ____ ____do not fuse
dorsal, ventral, duct
The jejunum is found in the lower __ and umbilical region
left
The ileum is found in the lower ___ and abdominal/pubic region
right
the root of the jejunal and ileal mesentery runs from the ___ left to ____ right and is ___-shaped.
upper, lower, fan
true or false: the internal transverse folds of the jejunum and ileum are not obliterated by distention
true
true or false: the internal transverse folds are more striking from the jejunum to ileum
false: less striking
true or false: transition between jejunum to ileum is gradual
true
true or false: vasa recta are side-to-side anastomoses that join up arcades
false: switch them around
true or false: the vasa recta arise from the inferior mesenteric artery
false: arise from superior mesenteric artery
which of these is FALSE regarding the jejunum:
a) long straight vasa recta with few arcades
b) less fatty mesentery
c) less Peyer’s patch’s
d) less vascular and thinner walls
e) larger folds and longer villi
d) more vascular & thicker walls
which of these is FALSE regarding the ileum:
a) shorter vasa recta with more arcades
b) fattier mesentery
c) presence of Peyer’s patch’s
d) less vascular and thinner walls
e) decreasing folds and longer villi
e) decreasing folds and SHORTER villi
True or false: the main role of the large intestines is digestion and absorption of nutrients
false: absorption of water and ions
True or false: the large intestine begins at the ileocaecal junction to the rectum
false: goes to the anus
true or false: the caecum and appendix is suspended
true
True or false: Haustra are bulges of the small intestinal wall with constrictions interspersed with expanded areas of colon
false: large intestinal wall
true or false: taenia coli are longitudinal external muscular bands as three thickenings that cause haustra
true
True or false: taenia coli are not found in the appendix or rectum junction
true
true or false: epipolic appendices arise form the free wall of the colon throughout the large intestine
false: not found in the caecum, appendix.
true or false: the epipolic appendices are found numerously in the transverse and sigmoid colon
true
true or false: haustra, taenia coli, and epiploic appendices are not found in the appendix or rectum
true
name four defining features of the large intestines
- haustra
- taenia coli
- epipolic appendices
- lack of villi
the caecum is found in the right ___ ____ of the pelvis
iliac fossa
true or false: the caecum is a suspended organ but has no mesentery, instead it is suspended from the ascending colon
true
the caecum is surrounded by peritoneum except when it connects with the ____ and ____ _____
ileum, ascending colon
true or false: the horizontal ileocaecal junction is posterolateral and consists of two valves
false: it is posteromedial
the muscular extensions of the two ileocaecal valves are called:
frenulae
the appendix is found in the ______ recess
retrocaecal
the appendix is suspended by a ________ attached to the ____ mesentery
mesoappendix, ileal
the appendix opens into the caecum below the ileocaecal valve, known as _____ Point
McBurney’s
the right colic flexure, also known as the hepatic flexure is:
a) posterior to the inferior right lobe of liver
b) anterior to the right kidney
c) posterior to fundus of gall bladder
d) all of the above
d
true or false: the transverse colon is firmly attached to the posterior surface of the great omentum
true
the surface landmark for the transverse colon is:
umbilicus level
the left colic flexure, also known as the splenic flexure, is:
a) anterior to the left kidney
b) below the spleen
c) attached to the diaphragm via the phrenicolic ligament
d) all of the above
d
which of these is FALSE regarding the phrenicolic ligament:
a) continuous with splenocolic ligament
b) is attached to the splenic (left colic) flexure
c) passes medially under the spleen
d) provides support for spleen
c: passes laterally under spleen
the descending colon goes from the ____ to the ___
splenic flexure, pelvic inlet
true or false: the descending colon extends down lateral abdominal wall and turns laterally into left iliac fossa to cross gonadal vessels and external iliac vessels
false: extends down lateral abdominal wall and turns MEDIALLY into left iliac fossa to cross gonadal vessels and external iliac vessels
the sigmoid colon goes from the ____ brim to the middle of the ____ at S_
pelvic, sacrum, S3
the sigmoid colon overlies the left _____ and external ____ vessels
uterer, iliac
the sigmoid mesocolon forms an inverted V known as the _______ recess
intersigmoidal
the rectum begins at the mid _____ at S_ and goes to the tip of the ____ where it becomes the anus
sacrum, S3, coccyx
true or false: the rectum is a suspended organ
false: retroperitoneal
true or false: the sigmoid colon is medial and superior to the rectum
false: lateral and superior
the rectum curves in how many planes, list them:
- anteriorly/posteriorly following sacral flexure
laterally: right, left, right
true or false: the rectum has permanent horizontal folds and temporary longitudinal folds.
true
there are ____ permanent horizontal folds which correspond to the lateral curves
three
the temporary longitudinal folds of the rectum are found in the:
rectal ampulla below the middle fold
the rectal ampulla is at the level of what pouch?
uterine pouch
true or false: the peritoneum is loosely attached in the sigmoid colon and tightly attached in the rectum
false: opposite way around