Alienation Flashcards
Alienation is the process through which workers lose control over their ____ and the products of that ____.
labour
Marx identifies three principal forms of alienation in modern, capitalist society the human being is alienated from ____, from ____ and from their ______ (their species being).
nature, themselves, fellow human beings
In the human being’s alienation from ____, Marx sees, in particular, the worker’s alienation from their capacity to shape their world
nature
In respect of the human being’s alienation from ____, Marx argues that capitalism alienates the worker from their own activity and from the product of their activity (ie, ‘alienation of things’).
themselves
Regarding alienation from ________, Marx stipulates that competition between workers for scarce jobs, between capitalists to maximise profits, and class conflict between capitalists and workers have all rendered most forms of co-operation impossible.
fellow human beings
All in all, then, human beings in modern, capitalist society have, in Marx’s view, lost their ____. They have been reduced to an animal existence.
humanity
The fact that the worker, in particular, is separated from nature, themself, their activity, the product of their activity and others, all confirm the total ____ conditions of modern capitalism.
dehumanising
Workers are mainly measured in terms of their ____ ____, that is, how much profit can be made out of them in the shortest period of time.
labour value
Alienation is ____ ____. It is the outcome of a particular set of historical circumstances namely, the capitalist mode of production. Because alienation is not intrinsic to the human condition it can be overcome.
historically contingent
Marx analyses alienation in modern capitalism the against backdrop of a state of ____, a future communist society.
unaleination
____ ____ would involve the full return of human beings to themselves as social beings.
Communist society
