Algorithm

Question 1

Stability

Answer 1

A stable sorting algorithm ensures that elements with identical sorting properties still maintain their original order.

Question 2

Space

Answer 2

An in-place algorithm does not need to initialise a new array to store the elements in sorted order. All sorting happens within the original array.

An out-of-place algorithm initialises a new array for storing sorted elements. The new array is returned, and the original array discarded.

Question 3

Time complexity

Answer 3

time complexity describes how time taken increases as input size grows
Does not include actual time taken

Question 4

time complexity of algorithms

Answer 4

Bubble/Insertion SortO(n2)
Merge Sort O(n log n)
Quick Sort Worst case O(n2) O(n log n)

Question 5

Abstraction

Answer 5

Abstraction means that the details of implementation are hidden; the end-user only has to know what input is required, and what output to expect.

Question 6

Encapsulation

Answer 6

Encapsulation means that data and methods that act on the data are bundled into objects

Question 7

Advantages of encapsulation 4

Answer 7

makes the data and methods more easier to import into other programs

associates attribute names with objects, allowing the same names to be reused in other objects/in the global space (minimises name collision)

organises the code into logical units (objects), making the code easier to understand

Prevents inadvertent data modification of private variables from public program codes

Question 8

Inheritance

Answer 8

A way of reusing code of existing objects and to establish a subtype from an existing object

Question 9

Advantages of iheritance

Answer 9

superclass used to define/establish features that are required by all subclasses

allows existing code to be reused instead of reimplementing for each class,saving time and memory space

Question 10

Polymorphism

Answer 10

Two classes that exhibit polymorphism behave the same way by having the same interface, allowing them to be used interchangeably, even if their implementation is different.

Question 11

Advantages of polymorphism

Answer 11

This allows the main program to support multiple client instances with the same method names/with the same code, minimises duplication of code

Question 12

Class

Answer 12

a blueprint or template that describes the data/attributes and methods to create an object

Question 13

Object

Answer 13

An instance of a class with a particular set of associated variables and functions

Question 14

Static and class methods

Answer 14

A method that does not have access to its instance inside the method

A method that does not have access to its instance but has access to the class inside the method

Question 15

Variable

Answer 15

Variable is a label in the program pointing to a data object

Question 16

Function

Answer 16

Function is a predefined set of instructions that can involve one or more input and return zero or more output

Question 17

class diagram

Answer 17

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