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Dental materials > Alginate > Flashcards

Alginate Flashcards

1
Q

what is an impression

A

the negative duplication of the oral tissue –>filled with model material (dental stone) for the production of a positive cast

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2
Q

what is a cast?

A

the positive duplication of the oral tissues

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3
Q

what happens when an impression shrinks?

A

the cast will be oversized because when the impression material shrinks, it shrinks towards the tray and the space in the impression will be bigger therefore wheen gypsum is poured in you will have an oversized cast

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4
Q

why do casts need to be created in dentistry?

A

to perform indirect procedures

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5
Q

what do casts do?

A

the casts duplicate the geometry and dimensions of the oral tissue so laboratory work can be performed.
-needed for diagnosis, treatment planning, occlussal evaluation and laboratory fabrication of restoration

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6
Q

what does an impression do?

A

captures the intraoral details -teeth, gingiva, alveolar bone or residual ridge, hard/soft palate tissue

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7
Q

impression materials vary in composition and properties and are selected on the basis of relative need for?

A
  1. accuracy
  2. dimensional stability
  3. elasticity
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8
Q

accuracy

-is the perfect accuracy, why?

A

no impression material produce 100 percent accuracy because of the operator and the materials

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9
Q

dimensional change

A

affected by temperature change

-ie) in mouth its 37 degree when impression is removed from mouth its coler therefore shrinkage occurs

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10
Q

impression materials have two sub categories what are they?

A
  1. elastic (“rubber like” when set)

2. non elastic (hard and rigid)

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11
Q

impression materials: non elastic

A

plaster, impression compound, zinc-oxide eugenol

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12
Q

impression material: “elastic” –break down into two further sub-sub categories. what are they ?

A
  1. hydrocolloids

2. non-aqueous elastomers

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13
Q

elastic impression material: hydrocolloids consist of what to materials?

A
  1. agar

2. alginate

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14
Q

elastic impression material: non equeous elastomers consist of what 3 material?

A
  1. polysulfides
  2. silicones
  3. polyethers
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15
Q

for occlusal relations of the maxilla and mandible the requirement for accuracy are relatively LOW…what type of impression would be acceptable?

A

ALGINATE

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16
Q

elastic vs. inelastic impression

A
  1. elastic materials can make impressions of “undercuts”

2. inelastic materials can make impressions of surfaces but no “undercuts”–>alginate

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17
Q

who would we use non elastic material on?

A

endontuleous clients- no teeth

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18
Q

who would we use elastic impression material on? (hydrocolloids and the non aqueous elastic polymeres)

A

-people with teeth

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19
Q

what properties are desirable for a impression material?-13

A
  • biocompatible
  • non toxic
  • odor and taste
  • adequate shelf life- economic
  • easy to use-satisfactory consistency
  • readily wets oral tissue (water friendly)
  • setting charatceristics that meet clinical requirement
  • elastic properties, no permanenet deformation or strain
  • adeqquate strength-so it doesnt break upon removal from mouth
  • dimensional stability over temperature and humidity ranges
  • compatbility with cast and die materials
  • accuracy in clincal use
  • readily disinfected without loss of accuracy
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20
Q

what is the degree of elastic reocvery?

A

a materials ability to return to original dimensions followingc compression

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21
Q

how is elastic recovery represented?

A

percent recovery or percent deformation

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22
Q

factors that influence permanent deformation?

A
  1. percent compression
  2. time under compression
  3. time after removal of load
23
Q

what do impressions trays do?

A

carry impression material

  • stock trays: plastic or metal
  • custom trays
24
Q

alginate impression materials —are they commonly used in dentistry?

A

yeah boiiii

25
Q

what are hydrocolloids

A
  • hydro = water

- colloids=intermediate estate of matter- you can have a mix of solids or liquids–ie)toothpaste and aliginate

26
Q

alginate –what is it made from?

A

marine plants

27
Q

what is alginates pros?

A
  1. cheap
  2. easy to use
  3. moderatley accurate
28
Q

when is alginate used?

A
  1. orthodontics
  2. study models
  3. preliminary impressions
29
Q

casts made from alginate impressions can be used for?

A
  1. making mouthgaurds

2. bleaching and flouride trays

30
Q

how is alginate supplied?

A

powder that is mixed with water

31
Q

ingredients of alginate

A
  1. sodium or potassium alginate: seaweed
  2. calcium sulphate dihydrate: reactor: gypsum
  3. filler (silica powder) -viscosity
  4. sodium tripolyphosphate:retarder
  5. moistening:makes powder dustless
  6. flavoring agent
  7. pigments
32
Q

alginate: what are the two types of ISO/ADA alginate

A
  1. Type I: fast setting time, mixing time is 45 seconds, setting time 30-75 seconds
  2. Type II: regular set, mixing time 1 minute, setting time 2-3.5 mins

-when would we use type I alginate? for kids and gaggers

33
Q

alginate properties

  • deformations?
  • elastic strength?
  • compatible with model materials?
  • accurate?
A
  • no permananent deformation after strain
  • adequate elastic strength-will not tear upon removal
  • does not adversely affect model materials
  • accuracy: dimensionally stable, adequate flow, readily wets oral tissues
34
Q

alginate and accuracy?

A

because no matter what the impression is made of the alginate will always have a 5 % deformation

35
Q

alginate and dimensional stability?

-why is alginate unstable?

A

the percentage of change in water content of an impression material
-because water is 85 percent of its composition

36
Q

alginate and dimensional stability:

what is syneresis?

A

syneresis: tendency of hydrocolliod materials to contract after setting

37
Q

alginate and dimensional stability:

imbibition

A

imbibition: tendency of the hydrocolloid to absorb water, swell and distort after setting

38
Q

how do we try to control imbibition and syneresis?

A

by wrapping alginate in a wet paper towel–however alginate is still not accurate and must be used on low resolution applications

39
Q

manipulation of alginate:effects of w/p ratio

A
  • water and powder must be measured because this ratio affects the consistency, setting time, strength, quality–>deviation of +- 15 % effects flow,tears,strength, setting rate, flexability
  • must avoid contiminated equipement this can accel or retard the reaction
40
Q

manipulation: effects of water temperature on setting time of alginate

A

the best temp is between 15-25 degrees

  1. below 15-25 it will be uncomfortable for patient
  2. above 15-25 it will be fast setting
41
Q

what is compression set?

A

measure of the ability of a material that was compressed to return to its original shape

42
Q

alginate and compression set

A

-when removing alginate impressions it deforms when trying to pass the crest of contour and will not return

43
Q

manipulation: compression set

- what does compression set depend on?

A

-strain and time

44
Q

for compression set what does strain depend on?

A
  • the shape and tilt of the tooth

- thickness of material between the tooth and the tray

45
Q

how to reduce compression set? 5 points

A
  1. use recommended mixing time
  2. maximize tray- tooth distance
  3. material must be completely set before removal
  4. SNAP REMOVAL
  5. provide recovery time : 8-30 min before pouring
46
Q

t/f: alginate is a weak material that tears easily if force is applied for a long time?

A

true

47
Q

alginate: disinfection

A
  • prevention of cross contamination
  • rinse to remove body fluids
  • soak up to 30 mins in 1% sodium hypochlorite,iodophors or 2% glutaraldehyde
48
Q

storage of alginate

A

cool dry place for max 1 year

49
Q

common causes of alginate impression failure?

A
  1. grainy material
  2. tearing
  3. bubbles
  4. irregular shape voids
  5. distortion
  6. rough chalky cast
50
Q

factors to maximize accuracy

A
  1. follow instructions
  2. use reasonable bulk of alginate
  3. rapid snap removal
  4. time follwing impression
51
Q

what are the most common impressions?

A

alginates

52
Q

what are the two main components

A
  1. potassium (K) alginate (carbohydrate polymere)

2. CaSO4 (reactor) –react and form a gel–>irreverible reaction

53
Q

how can water affect your alginate?

A

it affects the accuracy greatly by either loosing or gaining water

54
Q

t/f initial consisentecy of material is important for accuracy of impression

A

T

Dental materials (2 decks)

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