algae diversity

Question 1

what are algae

Answer 1

ALGAE ARE ORGANISMS THAT ARE NEITHER PLANTS NOR ANIMALS.
Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are found in almost every environment on Earth. They come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, from single-celled organisms to giant seaweeds that can grow up to 100 feet long.

Question 2

how is their nutrition

Answer 2

VERY SIMILAR TO THAT OF PLANTS (PHOTOSYNTHENSIS)

Question 3

what kingdom do algae belong

Answer 3

THEY BELONG TO KINGDOM PROTISTA or KINGDOM PROTOTISTA which range from microscopic to macroscopic forms

Question 4

Sea weed

Answer 4

They look like plants and are found in marine

Question 5

Algae key notes

Answer 5

They can exist on their own or they can grow on the surfaces of other organisms,
in the soil or on rocks

Question 6

what are the major sources of oxygen on earth

Answer 6

ALGAE

Question 7

Habitat of algae

Answer 7

Algae may be found in aquatic habitat as FREE FLOATING ALGAE called phytoplanktons, they may also be found in semi-permanent pools ponds lakes streams along ocean shorelines and surface of water bodies.

Question 8

Habitat of algae

Answer 8

*In the terrestrial habitats, they can be found on rock,
wood surfaces and in symbiotic association with some
fungal species which are referred to as Lichens

Question 9

DIVISIONS OF ALGAE???

Answer 9

Algae are grouped into (3)
divisions

Question 10

ON WHAT FEATURE are algae seperated into 3 main group

Answer 10

THEY ARE SEPERATED BASE ON PIGMENTATION

Question 11

how are algae divided base on pigmentation with examples

Answer 11

*Rhodophyta - Red Algae

*Phaeophyta - Brown Algae

*Chlorophyta - Green Algae

Question 12

WHAT IS RHODOPHYTA (RED ALGAE)

Answer 12

These are multicellular, mostly marine groups of algae. Cells in these
group are non-flagellated. Alternation of generation is common. The
photosynthetic pigment (Chlorophyll) is masked by a red pigments

Question 13

what is rhodophyta

Answer 13

Rhodophyta, also known as red algae, is a large phylum of eukaryotic algae that are found in marine and freshwater environments. They are the oldest type of algae

Question 14

WHAT IS CHLOROPHYTA(GREEN ALGAE)

Answer 14

These group of algae are made up of unicellular, colonial and
multicellular forms mostly found in freshwater. Some marine forms also
exit. They reproduce asexually and sexually (gametes are often
biflagellated with cup-shaped chloroplast)

Question 15

WHICH ALGAE HAS NON FLAGELLATED CELLS

Answer 15

red algae

Question 16

which algae has cup shaped chloroplast

Answer 16

GREEN ALGAE

Question 17

WHAT IS PHAEOPHYTA(BROWN ALGAE)

Answer 17

These group of algae are also
multicellular and mostly
marine as the red algae but
are usually found in the
intertidal zones.

Question 18

WHICH ALGAE IS FOUND IN INTERTIDAL ZONE

Answer 18

phaeophyta

Question 19

what is intertidal zone

Answer 19

-covered by water at the highest tide
-exposed to air at the lowest tide
-air exposure occurs daily
intertidal zone can be sandy or rocky

Question 20

PHAEOPHYTA

Answer 20

This group
also has most members
undergo alternation of
generation. Chlorophyll is
masked with brown
pigments

Question 21

ALGAL STRUCTURE

Answer 21

Algae exists in the following forms:
1. Non motile unicellular
2. Unicellular motile
3. Motile coenobial form
4. Non Motile coenobial form
5. Filamentous form (branched and unbranched)
6. Thalloid form
7. Special form

Question 22

what is non motile unicellular form

Answer 22

(sedentary) form – the cells are
commonly small and spherical
without any flagella. E.g.
Chlorella

Question 23

what is unicellular motile

Answer 23

• Unicellular motile form –
  single celled, oval /pear
  shaped with two flagella. E.g.
  Chlamydomonas

Question 24

what is motile coenobial

Answer 24

colony of
flagellated cells surrounded by
gelatinous matrix through which the
flagella protrude. E.g. Volvox sp.

Question 25

what is non motile coenobial

Answer 25

l form –
colony of cells without flagella.
E.g. Scenedesmus sp.
Scenedesmus is a non motile
colonial alga consisting of 2,4
or 8 elongated cells, often with
spines on the terminal cells.
They are commonly found in
ponds and as planktonic forms
in rivers and lakes

Question 26

what is filamentous form

Answer 26

• Filamentous form – consisting of
  chains of cells joined into threads.
  The filaments may be branched or
  unbranched (e.g. Spirogyra) or may
  consist of false/pseudo branches.

Question 27

what is thalloid form

Answer 27

forms
– compact
multicellular body with
flattened photosynthetic
parts and holdfast for
anchorage. E.g. Ulva sp.

Question 28

what is special forms

Answer 28

complex
thallus structure consisting of
annual and perennial parts
with meristematic region in
between. E.g. Laminaria
agardhii (Kelp)

Question 29

how do algae reproduce

Answer 29

Algae reproduce via three different
modes:
* Vegetatively eg. Fragmentation,
fission, etc.
* Asexually eg. By different spores
* Sexually eg. By gametes

Question 30

how do green algae reproduce

Answer 30

Green algae reproduce vegetatively,
asexually and sexually.
* Sexual reproduction involves
biflagellated gametes.

Question 31

how does green algae reproduce asexually

Answer 31

In small green algae, asexual reproduction is by
ordinary cell division or by fragmentation,
whereas their larger relatives reproduce by
spores

Question 32

how do red algae reproduce asexually

Answer 32

*Fragmentation: This is the process of breaking off a piece of the parent organism, which then grows into a new individual.
*Spores:

Question 33

how do brown algae reproduce asexually

Answer 33

*Fragmentation
*zoospores

Question 34

how do red algae reproduce sexually

Answer 34

They reproduce sexually through non flagellated gametes

Question 35

Brown and red algae

Answer 35

For Brown and Red algae, alternation of
generation is common.

Question 36

nutrition in algae

Answer 36

*Algae are autotrophic ;Algae are capable of synthesizing their own
food from inorganic substances using light or
chemical energy
ALGAE ARE PHOTOAUTOTROPHS meanings they use
light as the source of energy to prepare their OWN
food.

Question 37

some are economic importance of algae

Answer 37

-Algae are a link in
the food chain
-. Algae are useful in fish culture
-Algae & Water Quality;These blooms occur when phytoplankton
which are tiny microscopic plants grow
quickly in large quantities while producing
toxic or harmful effects on people, fish,
shellfish, marine mammals and birds.
* Generally, less than one percent of algal
blooms actually produce toxins.

Question 38

some are economic importance of algae

Answer 38

-Algae used in sewage treatment plants
-Algae used in petroleum and gas industry
-Algae and limestone formation
-. Algae as food