Alexander the Great

Question 1

cleitus disown

Answer 1

“it was the blood of the Macedonians and these wounds that made you grand enough to disown Philip and claim Ammon as your father”

Question 2

cleitus cleitus+ insulted by mn’s being equal rank to persians

Answer 2

“the dead I call fortunate; they didn’t live to see Macedonians flogged by the rods of medians and begging Persians for permission to have an audience with their king”

Question 3

proskeynesis

Answer 3

• “kissing those of equal rank”
• “When the Persians meet people in the street, they go up to those they know and who are of equal rank and kiss them; to those of lower rank they offer their cheek and in this way they receive the kiss; but those of still lower rank only make obeisance “

Question 4

Callenthensis being rejected by alexaner

Answer 4

” well I shall go away, poorer by a kiss”

Question 5

a person said to not kiss callisthenese because

Answer 5

“my lord dont kiss him, he has not made obeisance to you

Question 6

alexander at the end of the mutiny had a banquet and made an announcement speech (showing that he was not going to stop the fusion policy)

Answer 6

” and Alexander prayed for various blessings and in particular that Persians and Macedonians might excercise a joint rule in harmony”

Question 7

change

alex at opis (announcement before mutiny)

Answer 7

“Releasing individuals from the army due to old age or disability and are unfit for further service, and sending them home.”

Question 8

Liked the way the persians treated him, wanted the macedonians to treat him like that

Answer 8

“oriental subservience had made him less indulgent towards the macedonains”

Question 9

what did cleitus voice?

Answer 9

• Dislike for Alex’s status as “son of Ammon” (both his godly status AND his “abandoning” PII)
• Dislike for Alex’s adoption of Pn clothing
• A feeling that Alex was ignoring the Mns’ contribution to his success
• Disapproval of Alex’s treatment of conquered peoples, especially non-Mns as equals
• Disapproval of the adoption of Pn court customs which placed Alex above his subjects (contradicted p-i-p)

Question 10

advantages of fusion policy

Answer 10

• require less power/time to control the empire as Persian helped (to control other areas
• fusing races together- harmony beneficial
• appease persian culture via adopting customs and showing respect
• creates cohesive community
• more reseoursce
• more power
• -more soldriers

Question 11

=disadvantages of fusion policy:

Answer 11

• mn felt isolated due 2 new lifestyle and culture
• mn in top positions in the army(persians can feel slighted)
• contradicts primus inte Paris
• hard to appease both mn and persians
• hard 2 control empire as both king of persian and king of mn

Question 12

royal pages part

what did callenthesis say about the fusion policy

Answer 12

Proskynesis as a barbarian degrading practise that would make Macedonians reduce down to the level of an animal, as advocated by his uncle Aristotle.

Question 13

Cleitus

Cleitus part 1 syaing

Answer 13

Cleitus, when drinks has loosened his tongues, gave vent to complaints which he and doubtless many other Macedonians officers has bottled up for the pat 2 years.

Question 14

Cleitus Part 2
of the saying

Answer 14

It was not right he shouted, for Macedonians whom were much superior that those who mocked them, even met with misfortune, to be insulted in front of natives and enemies.

Question 15

leadership

alexander in solider eyes

Answer 15

“…endured their hardships more readily because they saw them being equally shared.” “This action so heartened the entire force that one would have thought that everyone had
drunk the water…” Arrian.

Question 16

Macedonians heritage

Answer 16

The Macedonians held strong allegiance to the Macedonian identity, taking great pride in their heritage, viewing themselves as superior to the cultures they had conquered. Macedonian follows the principles of (“Primus inter pares’-first among equals).

Question 17

expectation of alex from mns

Answer 17

alexis expected to stand and listen equally amongst and that kings are nor divine nor gods but an existence to be relied on. The great king image influenced by persians alex is seen as an divine figure superior to his subjects. Macedonians see Alexander as becoming distant, wielding greater authoritative power, resembling a Persian King.

Question 18

mns dissatifiaction

Answer 18

Macedonians struggled with the idea of sharing equal status and feats with the defeated persian who were glorified of maceodnians feats due to fusion policy. Macedonians saw this as a threat to their satus upon the ruling hirearchy. The vision of Macedonian and Persian living in harmony, envisioned by Alexander, did not align with the Macedonian perspective(JR,Hamilton).

Question 19

explaining

cleitus role

Answer 19

Cleitus represented the Macedonians where he leveraged his influential position to voice Macedonian concerns

Question 20

explaining

Cleitus death aftereffects

Answer 20

death of cleitus further strained relatioships between mns and alex his complaints of Alexander’s abandoning Macedonian tradition posed significant challenges to the process of implementing the fusion policy and preservation of Macedonian identity. Cleitus’s anger stemmed from the perception that Alexander was disowning his Macedonian identity in favour of a new ruling identity, symbolized by the title Son of Ammon.

Question 21

expplaing

cleitus reasoning

Answer 21

It was Philip that gave Alex current success and position not Ammon, with Alex disregarding Philip lead Cleitus to view this as betrayal and question his loyalty to his Macedonian roots and the equal standing (primus inter pares) he shared with his supporters.

Question 22

explainign

proskynesis effects

Answer 22

Proskynesis which is elevating the king to a higher status opposed PIP, with Macedonians accustomed to equality with Alexander and has no worries with expressing their corners but when Alexander embraces the idea of proskeynis, where he is superior and worshiped leeads to a sense of betrayal among the Macedonians conflicting their core values.

Question 23

explain

callenthesis message with his action to alexander

Answer 23

Callisthenes opposed the thought of prostrating before the king, as he viewed it as “saving the dignity and equality of Macedonians and Alexander.” The incident regarding Callithenes, lead Alexander to understand forcefully enforcing Proskynesis would not lead to immediate compliance due to contradiction in Macedonian beliefs, but to appease both groups, he established separate courts. However, every decision Alexander makes, has an adverse effect on both parties, making it challenging to satisfy their distinct customs/values simultaneously.

Question 24

Royal pages action explained

Answer 24

The allegation of this conspiracy claimed to “Alexander’s policies to be intolerable, where they saw themselves in the role of tyrannicides ‘(Hamilton,p.107-108).

Attributed to Alexander’s deviation from Macedonian’s “primus inter pares”, adopting Persian practise, deemed as tyrannical/oppressive, explaining the resistance towards the fusion policy

Question 25

callenthesis implicated

Answer 25

With limited evidence, it is plausible to speculate that the royal pages may have acted based on their beliefs to restore traditional values, viewing themselves as tyrannicide. Their dissatisfaction with Alexander’s rule, as well as fear of losing their privileged status in society, their feats are being glorified by Persians who are sharing their hard-fought territorial resources.

Question 26

alexander putting the fusion policy in place

Answer 26

“believing that community of race and custom goes far towards softening the hearts of men” (Plutarch).,