alexander III

Question 1

who tutored alex III

Answer 1

Pobedonostev

Question 2

what was the document that alex III released to show his type of autocracy called

Answer 2

manifesto of unshakable autocracy

Question 3

when was the ‘manifesto of unshakable autocracy’ released

Answer 3

1881

Question 4

give an example of alex III showing more of a rigid and conservative ruling at the start of his reign

Answer 4

he began with the public hanging of the conspirators involved in his father’s assassination

Question 5

summarise in 2 points how government changed once alex III became leader

Answer 5

Loris Melikov proposals abandonded

reforming ministers resigned

Question 6

give 2 examples of changes in local government

Answer 6

land captains were created

an act introduced which reduced pesants’ votes and put zemstva under central government control

Question 7

when were land captains created

Answer 7

July 1889

Question 8

give 3 changes in policing

Answer 8

number of police increased

new branches of the criminal investigation department were set up

a drive to recruit spies and counter-spies

Question 9

what was the secret police called

Answer 9

okhrana

Question 10

who was the main person who led the okhrana

Answer 10

pleheve

Question 11

how did the police have extreme power over people

Answer 11

police agents could search, arrest, detain, question, imprison or exile not only those who had committed a crime and who they thought had committed a crime

Question 12

give 3 examples of judicial changes

Answer 12

(1889) volst courts under land captains control

(1887) ministry could grant powers to hold closed court sessions

(1887) the property and qualifications needed by jurors were raised

Question 13

give 4 examples of educational changes

Answer 13

Delyanov made education based off ‘religious, morals and patriotic orientation’

abolished women going to university

children from the lowest class were restricted to primary education

primary education back in the hands of the Orthodox Church

Question 14

give 2 examples of changes in censorship

Answer 14

‘temporary regulations’ allowed newspapers to be closed down and a life time ban

russification enforced

Question 15

give 2 examples of reforms which went against alex III’s conservative attitude

Answer 15

a law reduced redemption payments

poll tax abolished

Question 16

how was alex III different to other tsars in terms of russification

Answer 16

other tsars were mainly concerned with control rather than with matters of racial superiority

Question 17

where was russification most prominent during Alex III reign

Answer 17

Poland and Finland

Question 18

summarise russification in Finland

Answer 18

reorganised parliament to reduce its power and influence

Russian language was increasingly demanded

Russian coinage replaced the local currency

Question 19

summarise russification in the Baltic Germans

Answer 19

1885-1889

Russian language in all sectors of life

University of Dorpar became Iurev University

Question 20

summarise russification in Ukraine

Answer 20

1883- laws limited the Ukrainian language

1884- all theatres in 5 provinces closed down

conscripts from national areas were dispersed to prevent national groupings from developing

Question 21

how was Orthodoxy involved in russification

Answer 21

catholic monasteries were closed down

influence of catholic priests were curbed

incentives were provided for non-catholics to settle in this areas

Question 22

name 1 statistics based on religion during russification

Answer 22

37,000 Lutherans converted to Orthodoxy in order to take advantage of the special measures

Question 23

give a statistic that shows resistant in response to russification

Answer 23

in June 1888 there was an estimated 322 cases of mass disturbances in 61 of Russia’s provinces

Question 24

where were most Jews located in the Russian Empire

Answer 24

Pale of Settlement