Alexander II

Question 1

What was Alexander’s tsar nickname?

Answer 1

‘The Tsar liberator’

Question 2

What year was the emancipation?

Answer 2

1861

Question 3

What event stared the emancipation?

Answer 3

Russia losing the Crimean war

Question 4

What was the nobility of landowners called?

Answer 4

Dvoriane

Question 5

What year was the Crimean war?

Answer 5

1854-6

Question 6

What did Alexander say about serfdom?

Answer 6

‘It is better to begin to destroy serfdom from above than to wait until that time when it begins to destroy itself from below’

Question 7

Who essentially decided the terms of the emancipation?

Answer 7

The dvoriane

Question 8

How much land did the peasants actually receive?

Answer 8

1/3

Question 9

Who were the peasants essentially now tied to?

Answer 9

The village commune (Mir)

Question 10

How much of a peasants income came from farming after the emancipation?

Answer 10

Only half by 1900

Question 11

How long were redemption payments held for?

Answer 11

49-years

Question 12

How much land did peasants lose after the emancipation? Where was this particularly bad?

Answer 12

Ukraine- lost 30.8%

Question 13

How many peasants didn’t have land following the emancipation?

Answer 13

2-3 million

Question 14

How did the Mir control peasants?

Answer 14

Needed a passport to travel more than 20 miles

Question 15

Good policies of the emancipation?

Answer 15

Able to marry without third party consent, hold property, couldn’t be bought or sold

Question 16

Example of judicial reform following the emancipation

Answer 16

Trial by jury

Question 17

What were the new local governments called?

Answer 17

Zemstva

Question 18

Example of educational reforms?

Answer 18

Curriculum modernised

Question 19

How much had students increased by?

Answer 19

Doubled to 800,000 during the first decade of Alexander’s reign

Question 20

Who was minister of war?

Answer 20

Militin

Question 21

What was the aim of military reforms?

Answer 21

More effective

Question 22

Example of military reform?

Answer 22

Length of service reduced from 25 to 15 years

Question 23

Evidence that military position was improved?

Answer 23

Participation in the Congress of Berlin in 1878

Question 24

Example of economic reform?

Answer 24

Unified treasury

Question 25

Were economic reforms successful?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Evidence the emancipation failed

Answer 26

Polish revolt 1863 ‘Going to the people’ 1874 Failed assassination attempt 1866 Assassination in 1881

Question 27

What was the significance of the populist ‘going to the people’?

Answer 27

Developed political consciousness- later insurrections

Question 28

Key group against the tsar?

Answer 28

The Third Element

Question 29

Example of a political change?

Answer 29

Abolished the ‘personal chancellery of his imperial majesty’ with the ‘council of ministers’

Question 30

What did the Polish Uprising show about Alexander II?

Answer 30

his repression, not necessarily the 'Tsar Liberator'

Question 31

Treatment of nationalities under Alexander II

Answer 31

Poland- russification after Polish revolt Ukraine- 2 decrees in 1863 and 1876 tat stopped the publication and importation of books in Ukranian Finland- 1865 own constitution (diet)

Question 32

Treatment of Jews under Alexander II

Answer 32

Allowed them to migrate from the Pale of Settlement

Question 33

two treaties that ended the Russo-Turkish war

Answer 33

San Stefano and the Congress of Berlin

Question 34

What does Glastnost mean?

Answer 34

Openness

Question 35

Alexander II and the police force?

Answer 35

Replaced the 'third section' with the Okhrana in 1880

Question 36

Who were the economic ministers under Alex II?

Answer 36

Reutern and Hughes

Question 37

What economic changes did Reutern make?

Answer 37

railway construction, foreign technical expertise and investment

Question 38

What were economic policies inhibited by?

Answer 38

Russo-Turkish war

Question 39

treatment of Poles after the Polish revolt

Answer 39

the Milyutin plan: hundreds of members of the Polish nobility were exiled, Polish peasants were emancipated, rural district councils were set up. Poland fully integrated into Russia as the 'vistula region.' Russification: criminalizing displays of Polish culture and the Polish language, Catholic churches shut down and their land given to Russians, Russian made the official language

Question 40

Group that assassinated Alexander II.

Answer 40

The People's Will

Question 41

Stats for the increase of railway construction.

Answer 41

7-fold increase in number if railway track from 1862-1878 | Doubled industrial output whilst Reutern was in office