Alexander II

Question 1

Key judicial reforms 1864

Answer 1

• single system of courts
• criminal cases before a jury
• all classes judged fairly

Question 2

Strengths and weaknesses of judicial reforms

Answer 2

• fairer and less corrupt, jury could undermine the government
  -Military courts continued and reforms didn’t apply in Poland

Question 3

Key local government reforms 1864-70

Answer 3

• Zemstva established 1864
  -councils elected through voting, though not all classes had equal vote
  -power to improve public services