Alexa Flashcards
What is primary PPH post partum haemorrhage
Within the first 24 hrs after giving birth.
What is secondary PPH?
24hrs up to 3 months
What is moderate blood loss?
1000 - 1500mls
What is
PPH SEVERE blood loss?
1500mls
What are the 4 Ts of PPH?
Tone
Trauma
Tissue
Thrombin
How many estimated hours is a primigravid?
12-14 hrs
How many estimated hours is multigravid?
6-10 hours
What is order of decent?
Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Internal rotation
Extension
External rotation
Expulsion
Preterm survival rates?
23 weeks 17%
24 weeks 39%
25 weeks 50%
26 weeks 80%
What will reduction of the body temperature do to a newborns glucose level?
Reduce them
How long does it take for a pulsating cord to drop?
10-20 minutes
What hormone is controlled through the feedback system?
Oxytocin
What level will the diaphragm likely rise to?
4 TV
Stroke volume will increase raising cardiac output by what percent?
64-71%
How much blood can a pregnant woman lose before hypotension?
35%
What is gestation?
How many weeks pregnant
Where will psychological changes happen?
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Gastrointestinal system
Endocrine system
Muskoskeletal system
Uterus
What are the additional changes that will happen?
Amniotic fluid
Placenta
Umbilical cord
Airways may be complicated by these changes, are they likely to have?
Short obese neck
Engorged breasts tissue
Full dentition, reduced calcium- vomiting damage,
Teeth may be brittle
What percentage of blood loss that can cause foetus distress?
10-20%
What is the size of the placenta when baby is born?
8-9 inches wide and thick
What are the functions of the placenta?
Respiratory gas exchange
Transportation of nutrients
Excretion of waste
Transfer heat
Hormone production
Formation of a barrier
What is the foramen ovale?
A hole that exists between the left and right atria
What is ductus arteriosus?
The blood vessel that connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery
What are the hormones involved during labour?
Melatonin
Oxytocin
Adrenaline
Red flags during labour?
Meconium present in the ruptured membrane
Malpresentation cord prolapse
History of trauma with reduced foetal movements
Eclamptic seizures
Unconscious mother
Severe pre eclampsia
Red flags after birth?
Meconium present
A retained placenta
A blood loss of more that 500mls
How many weeks must a pregnant patient be to do a manual uterine displacement?
20 weeks
How can Estimation of blood loss be calculated?
Inconvenience pad - 300 - 500mls
Maternity sanitary pad - 50mls
Branded sanitary pad - 30 mls
What is a nuchal cord?
A cord that is wrapped around the baby’s neck
What is moulding?
Irregular shape of baby’s head.
When are miscarriages most common?
Up to 12 weeks.
Risks factors of miscarriage?
Previous history of miscarriages
Previous identified potential miscarriage at scan
Smoker
Obesity
Alcohol/ drug abuse
Signs and symptoms of miscarriage?
Pain
Bleeding
Sign of pregnancy subsiding?
What are ectopic pregnancies?
A fertilised egg implanted outside of the womb.
What is menorrhagia?
Heavy menstrual bleeding considered 60 - 80mls
What is a uterine prolapse?
The muscle and ligaments to the pelvic,floor stretch and become weak, they are no longer able to support the uterus.
How many gynaecology cancers are there?
Uterine
Ovarian
Cervical
Vaginal
Vulval
Signs and symptoms
Abdominal vaginal bleeding and discharge
Pelvic pain and pressure
Back and abdominal pain
Bloating
Increased urination constipation diarrhoea
Itching or burning at the vulva
Changes in colour with the vulva
