Alexa Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary PPH post partum haemorrhage

A

Within the first 24 hrs after giving birth.

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2
Q

What is secondary PPH?

A

24hrs up to 3 months

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3
Q

What is moderate blood loss?

A

1000 - 1500mls

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4
Q

What is
PPH SEVERE blood loss?

A

1500mls

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5
Q

What are the 4 Ts of PPH?

A

Tone
Trauma
Tissue
Thrombin

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6
Q

How many estimated hours is a primigravid?

A

12-14 hrs

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7
Q

How many estimated hours is multigravid?

A

6-10 hours

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8
Q

What is order of decent?

A

Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Internal rotation
Extension
External rotation
Expulsion

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9
Q

Preterm survival rates?

A

23 weeks 17%
24 weeks 39%
25 weeks 50%
26 weeks 80%

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10
Q

What will reduction of the body temperature do to a newborns glucose level?

A

Reduce them

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11
Q

How long does it take for a pulsating cord to drop?

A

10-20 minutes

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12
Q

What hormone is controlled through the feedback system?

A

Oxytocin

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13
Q

What level will the diaphragm likely rise to?

A

4 TV

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14
Q

Stroke volume will increase raising cardiac output by what percent?

A

64-71%

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15
Q

How much blood can a pregnant woman lose before hypotension?

A

35%

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16
Q

What is gestation?

A

How many weeks pregnant

17
Q

Where will psychological changes happen?

A

Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Gastrointestinal system
Endocrine system
Muskoskeletal system
Uterus

18
Q

What are the additional changes that will happen?

A

Amniotic fluid
Placenta
Umbilical cord

19
Q

Airways may be complicated by these changes, are they likely to have?

A

Short obese neck
Engorged breasts tissue
Full dentition, reduced calcium- vomiting damage,
Teeth may be brittle

20
Q

What percentage of blood loss that can cause foetus distress?

A

10-20%

21
Q

What is the size of the placenta when baby is born?

A

8-9 inches wide and thick

22
Q

What are the functions of the placenta?

A

Respiratory gas exchange
Transportation of nutrients
Excretion of waste
Transfer heat
Hormone production
Formation of a barrier

23
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

A hole that exists between the left and right atria

24
Q

What is ductus arteriosus?

A

The blood vessel that connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery

25
Q

What are the hormones involved during labour?

A

Melatonin
Oxytocin
Adrenaline

26
Q

Red flags during labour?

A

Meconium present in the ruptured membrane
Malpresentation cord prolapse
History of trauma with reduced foetal movements
Eclamptic seizures
Unconscious mother
Severe pre eclampsia

27
Q

Red flags after birth?

A

Meconium present
A retained placenta
A blood loss of more that 500mls

28
Q

How many weeks must a pregnant patient be to do a manual uterine displacement?

A

20 weeks

29
Q

How can Estimation of blood loss be calculated?

A

Inconvenience pad - 300 - 500mls
Maternity sanitary pad - 50mls
Branded sanitary pad - 30 mls

30
Q

What is a nuchal cord?

A

A cord that is wrapped around the baby’s neck

31
Q

What is moulding?

A

Irregular shape of baby’s head.

32
Q

When are miscarriages most common?

A

Up to 12 weeks.

33
Q

Risks factors of miscarriage?

A

Previous history of miscarriages
Previous identified potential miscarriage at scan
Smoker
Obesity
Alcohol/ drug abuse

34
Q

Signs and symptoms of miscarriage?

A

Pain
Bleeding
Sign of pregnancy subsiding?

35
Q

What are ectopic pregnancies?

A

A fertilised egg implanted outside of the womb.

36
Q

What is menorrhagia?

A

Heavy menstrual bleeding considered 60 - 80mls

37
Q

What is a uterine prolapse?

A

The muscle and ligaments to the pelvic,floor stretch and become weak, they are no longer able to support the uterus.

38
Q

How many gynaecology cancers are there?

A

Uterine
Ovarian
Cervical
Vaginal
Vulval

39
Q

Signs and symptoms

A

Abdominal vaginal bleeding and discharge
Pelvic pain and pressure
Back and abdominal pain
Bloating
Increased urination constipation diarrhoea
Itching or burning at the vulva
Changes in colour with the vulva