ALEX II Flashcards
(25 cards)
why was the economy backwards in 1855?
- serf- based
- internal market demand (no market demand and money was irrelevant)
- no alternative ways to earn money
what changed the economy in 1855?
- crimea war (wake up call)
- west ideas spreading
- Russia wanted to be a superpower
what were the ideas behind the reform of Emancipation 1861
Releasing the peasants would mean that there would be greater incentives to work, making Russia prosper
what were the ideas behind the reform of Local government 1861
Elected councils replaced the rights and obligations of the serf- owning gentry
what were the ideas behind the reform of Judiciary 1861
West had introduced a jury
what were the ideas behind the reform of Education 1861
Increased need for basic literature and numeracy among peasants
Universities had a freedom to teach whatever they
ideas that limited emancipation reform
Nobles would feel betrayed by the govt. As they took away their workers
ideas that limited local govt. reform
Power of the zemstvo was limited and the voting procedure favoured the nobility. Provincial governors could override the zemstva’s decision, council was never the ‘people’s assembly’
ideas that limited judiciary reform
Judges were appointed by the Tsar
Jury sometimes excused guilty out of sympathy eg. Vera zuzalich
ideas that limited Education reform
After 1866 government control was reasserted as Intelligentsia was growing
what were the ideas behind the reform of Military 1861
Dmitri Myutin
Reorganisation of the Armed Forces improved efficiency and reduced costs
Conscription became compulsory but the length of service was reduced
better provisioning, medical Care and education were provided
modern weaponry was finally introduced
military training was set up
what were the ideas behind the other reforms 1861
between 1858 and 1870 censorship which had extended to all books and newspapers was relaxed
There were attempts to eliminate corruption in the lower levels of the church
Some reform of the condition of the Jews ethnic minorities was initially undertaken
Some economic liberalisation was granted
ideas that limited Military reform
richer people often found substitutes to serve for them
the upper class remained largely aristocratic
problems of supply and leadership continued
ideas that limited other reforms
After critical writing increased government control was tightened again in the 1870s
Church reform stopped in the reactionary years of the 1870s
Lenient treatment of poles and jews was reversed after the 1863 Polish Rebellion
economic liberalisation remained but it was largely at the peasants expense
Group or groups that benefited the most from the Emancipation reform
- Peasants as they would feel more ‘free’
- the govt. As they would have peasants working with more incentive and therefore the state would have more grain to export= superpower
Group or groups that benefited the most from the Local government reform
Nobles as they were favoured the most and the Intelligentsia.
Maybe the Mir as they got to decide
Group or groups that benefited the most from the Judiciary reforms
- Intelligentsia as they were given a higher role
The community as a whole as their was a FAIRER jury system
Group or groups that benefited the most from the education reforms
Peasants as they were becoming the intelligentsia
Group or groups that benefited the most from the military reforms
Government= superpower state
Peasants because they would have more experience
Group or groups that benefited the most from the other reforms
in the short term this helped the peasants however in the long term it helped the government
Group or groups that lost power from the emancipation reform
Peasants as they have to pay 49 years worth of redemption payments, which means that this generation wouldn’t even be free
nobles - they are losing their slaves
Group or groups that lost power from the local govt. reforms
Peasants lost the power and it was a deceived sense of ‘freedom’
Group or groups that lost power from the judiciary reforms
Govt. because criminals were let off and the jury was lenient
Group or groups that lost power from the education reforms
The government as this did get out of hand
