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alex 7 science midterm test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Scientific method

A 
Stating a problem
Gathering info
Suggesting an answer (hypothesis)
Performing an experiment
Recording the results
Stating conclusions
Communicate your results
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2
Q

Independent variable

A

What is being tested

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3
Q

Dependent variable

A

What is observed

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4
Q

Controlled variable

A

Things that could change but don’t

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5
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the interrelationships of living

organisms and their environment

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6
Q

Ecologist

A

A person who studies ecology

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7
Q

Habitat

A

The area in which an organism lives

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8
Q

Environment

A

All the living and non- living conditions that act

on an organism and affect its chances of survival

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9
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Non-living or physical factors

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10
Q

Biotic factors

A

Living factors

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11
Q

Species

A

Group of organisms that can interbreed to

produce viable offspring

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12
Q

Community

A

All the organisms in a particular area at a given

time

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13
Q

Population

A

The number of individuals of the same species

in a given area at a given time

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14
Q

ecosystem

A

A natural unit of living and non-living parts that interact to produce a stable system in which the
exchange of materials between living and non-living parts cycle

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15
Q

Biome

A

A biome is a large easily differentiated
community unit arising as a result of complex interactions of climate ,other physical factors an biotic factors examples of biomes are tundra temperate grassland desert and tropical rainforest

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16
Q

Biosphere

A

The biosphere is the collective interaction of all

the biomes on the earth

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17
Q

Symbiosis

A

A relationship in which two organisms of

different species ‘live together’ for a period of time

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18
Q

Parasitism

A

A form of symbiosis in which one organism

derives nutrients from the second organism which suffers some harm but is usually not killed

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19
Q

Mutualism

A

A form of symbiosis in which both organisms

help each other

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20
Q

Commensalism

A

A form of symbiosis in which one organism helps the other organism but there is no benefit
nor harm done in return

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21
Q

Predator /prey relationship

A

The relationship in which one organism hunts

and eats another

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22
Q

Competition

A

A relationship where two types if organisms

compete for the same thing

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23
Q

Factors effecting population

A 
Available resources 
Activities of other organisms
Organisms own characteristics
 Time of day or year
Weather
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24
Q

Adaptation

A

a characteristic of an organisms that enable it

to function more effectively or survive in its surroundings

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25
Q

5 types of adaptation

A 
Structural
Color
physiological
behavioural
reproductive
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26
Q

structural adaptation

A

related to the structure of the organism

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27
Q

color adaptation

A

related to the color

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28
Q

physiological adaptation

A

related to the organisms metabolism

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29
Q

reproductive adaptation

A

related to the courtship mating or rearing of young

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30
Q

natural resources

A

the materials and products found in nature

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31
Q

need

A

what you need

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32
Q

want

A

what you want

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33
Q

primary succession

A

an ecosystem that is slowly starting to grow

from nothing

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34
Q

secondary succession

A

an ecosystem that was a thriving ecosystem but

got destroyed and is now growing again

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35
Q

pioneer species

A

new species to that land

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36
Q

original species

A

the original species of that land

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37
Q

climax community

A

a thriving ecosystem

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38
Q

bioindicater species

A

a species that shows us that something is wrong

in the environment

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39
Q

biological control

A

to control insect pests by using their natural enemy(brining in an exotic species even thought
it may harm the original species)

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40
Q

extinction

A

when an animal species dies out completely

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41
Q

exterpation

A

when an animal species dies out in a area but

is still alive in a different area

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42
Q

physical monitoring

A

uses satellites to track the changes in

landscapes over time

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43
Q

environmental monitoring

A

tracks changes in climate temperature and weather patterns

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44
Q

weather

A

day to day

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45
Q

climate

A

long term

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46
Q

chemical monitoring

A

the quality of air soil and water

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47
Q

biological monitoring

A

tracks the changes in organisms or populations

of organisms

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48
Q

sustainability

A

resources of nature are being renewed at least

as quickly as they are being used

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49
Q

ecological footprint

A

a calculation of the total area of land and water

needed to supply all of the materials and energy a human uses as well as the waste produces

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50
Q

3 r’s

A

reduce
Reuse
recycle

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51
Q

consumers

A

organisms that eat the food made by the producers

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52
Q

producers

A

organisms that make there own food

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53
Q

carnivores

A

organisms that only eat meat

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54
Q

herbivores

A

organisms that only eat plants

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55
Q

omnivores

A

organisms that eat plants and meat

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56
Q

food chain

A

a sequence of feeding relationships among living organisms as they pass on food energy

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57
Q

food web

A

the network of feeding relationships among

organisms

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58
Q

food pyramid

A

the pyramid which shows us the transfer of energy

More mass has to be at the bottom

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59
Q

biomass

A

the total mass of living matter

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60
Q

energy flow

A

the movement of energy which originally comes

form from the sun

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61
Q

scavenger

A

an organism that eats dead or decaying plant

or animal matter

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62
Q

decomposer

A

organisms that break down the cells of dead or

waste material and absorb their nutrients

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63
Q

carbon cycle

A

the cycle in which carbon is used and reused in

the ecosystem

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64
Q

water cycle

A

the continuous movement of water through the

biosphere

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65
Q

water cycle steps

A

evaporation
transportation
condensation
precipitation

66
Q

ph.

A

a scale used to express acid or alkaline content

67
Q

bioaccumulation

A

movement of pollutants through the levels

of a food chain so that greater quantities are retained with movement of the food chain

68
Q

baseline data

A

basic info

69
Q

permanent plots

A

quadrats

70
Q

quadrats

A

a small area of a larger area

71
Q

environmental impact assessment

A

environmental report

72
Q

calculating population in an ecosystem example

A 
species : blue beetles ecosystem 
type: forest ecosystem
 size:1000m2
# of quadrats:5
each quadrats is:1m2
1rst quadrat:13 blue beetles
2nd quadrat:15 blue beetles
3rd quadrat:16 blue beetles
4th quadrat:14 blue beetle
s5th quadrat:13 blue beetles
total area of quadrats:5m2
total# of blue beetles in quadrats:71 blue beetles
71/5:14.2blue beetles per 1m2 14.2x1000:
14200blue beetles in the forest ecosystem
73
Q

Standard use for comparison

A

Control group

74
Q

New products or tools made because of

knowledge gained through science

A

technology

75
Q

science

A

The process of understanding the world

76
Q

energy

A

The ability to do work or cause change. Energy
has many forms, all of which measure the ability of an object to do work on or change another object.In other words, there are different ways that an object can possess energy.

77
Q

mechanical energy

A

kinetic potential

78
Q

different forms of energy

A 
Thermal, or heat energy 
Chemical Energy
Electrical Energy
Electrochemical Energy
Electromagnetic Energy (light)
Sound Energy
Nuclear Energy
79
Q

potential energy

A

Potential energy is energy due to position or

stored energy. Potential energy is also called gravitational potential energy.

80
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Kinetic

energy is measured by how much is work done to put an object in motion or to rest.

81
Q

Conservation of Energy law

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be changed from one of form of energy to another form. The amount of energy stays the same.

82
Q

Temperature

A

How hot or cold it is.

83
Q

Heat

A

The amount of thermal energy, measured in joules or J. exampleA cup of hot tea has heat
energy in the form of kinetic energy from its particles.

84
Q

Matter

A

Anything that moves

Anything that takes up space

85
Q

3 types of matter

A

Solid
Liquid
gas

86
Q

how does matter change

A 
freezing 
Melting
 boiling 
Condensing
Evaporation
sublimation
87
Q

evaporation

A

particles in a liquid escape to form a
vapour.Evaporation can occur at any temperature but it occurs most rapidly at a liquid’s boiling point.The particles that escape take some energy from the remaining particles and so the temperature of the liquid falls.

88
Q

The Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy is always conserved, it is never “lost” or “wasted“.Some energy transfers are useful and some are not.

89
Q

The particle model

A

All substances are made up of particles (atoms, ions or molecules).These particles are attracted
to each other, some strongly and others weakly.These particles move around (i.e. have kinetic energy).The kinetic energy of particles increases with temperature.

90
Q

Solid to liquid

A

melting

91
Q

Liquid to gas

A

evaporation

92
Q

Gas to solid

A

sublimation

93
Q

Solid to gas

A

sublimation

94
Q

Gas to liquid

A

condensation

95
Q

Liquid to solid

A

freezing

96
Q

Types of thermometers

A

Thermo couple
Bimetallic strip
recording thermometer
Inferred thermo gram

97
Q

malleable

A

bendable

98
Q

ductility

A

strech

99
Q

Parts of a thermometer

A

Sensor
Signal
responder

100
Q

Boiling point water kelvin

A

373.15

101
Q

Boiling point water Celsius

A

100

102
Q

Boiling point water Fahrenheit

A

212

103
Q

Melting point water kelvin

A

273.15

104
Q

Melting point water Celsius

A

0

105
Q

Melting point water Fahrenheit

A

32

106
Q

Absolute zero kelvin

A

0

107
Q

Absolute zero Celsius

A

-273.15

108
Q

Absolute zero Fahrenheit

A

-459.67

109
Q

Melting is also called

A

fusion

110
Q

Fusion is also called

A

melting

111
Q

Freezing is also called

A

solidification

112
Q

Solidification is also called

A

freezing

113
Q

radiation

A

Needs nothing to

114
Q

conduction

A

solid

115
Q

convection

A

fluid

116
Q

rsi value

A

resistance

117
Q

Sources of energy

A 
Chemical
Geothermal
Electrical
Fossil fuels
Wind
Mechanical
Solar
nuclear
118
Q

Passive solar heating

A

uses materials in structure to heat home

119
Q

Active solar heating

A

Uses mechanical devices to heat home. Uses solar panels

120
Q

Non-renewable resources

A

Millions of years to form

121
Q

Renewable resources

A

Can be recycled

122
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

Global warming

123
Q

cogeneration

A

waste heat being used to heat buildings

124
Q

Thermal pollution

A

Technology and industries release a lot of

thermal energy into environment

125
Q

Liquid

A

Gas

liquid

126
Q

insulators

A

Poor conductors

127
Q

structures

A

An object hat has a define size and shape and serves a purpose or function

128
Q

function

A

The main purpose of a structure or object

129
Q

force

A

A stress that causes an object to change shape or direction of movement

130
Q

stress

A

Push

pull

131
Q

load

A

The weight carried or supported by an object

132
Q

weight

A

The amount of force that is exerted on an object by gravity

133
Q

mass

A

The amount of matter in an object

134
Q

Natural structures

A

Structures that are not made by people

135
Q

Manufactured structures

A

Structures that are built by people

136
Q

Mass structures

A

A natural or manufactured structure that is made up by the piling up not materials

137
Q

frame structure

A

A type of structure in which the skeleton or frame supporters the weight of the other parts

138
Q

shell structure

A

A type of structure that obtains its strength from a thin carefully shaped outer layer of material and that requires no internal frame

139
Q

Mix and match

A

A type of structure that has a combination of structures

140
Q

Qualitative observations

A

The observation in words

141
Q

Quantitative observations

A

The observation in numbers

142
Q

Left side of table is always

A

x axis

143
Q

Right side or sides are always

A

y axis

144
Q

In the ph scale where is acid rain on it

A

3-5

145
Q

Plateau effect

A

In a graph When the particles are changing state from one to another there is a straight line that you can see

146
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

sweat

147
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

How long a substance can retain its heat

148
Q

Each material …

A

Expands and contracts at a different rate

149
Q

fluid

A

Gas

liquid

150
Q

Where should you have your windows in Calgary

A

south

151
Q

bio

A

living

152
Q

Where and how is plasma produced

A

Only produced on earth on normal conditions of heat and pressure

153
Q

The transfer of energy that does not require matter is

A

radiation

154
Q

States of matter that can not be compressed

A

Solid

liquid

155
Q

which state of mater heat up faster

A

solid

156
Q

Fridges and air conditioners are what

A

Heat pumps

157
Q

Roygbiv

A 
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
158
Q

Visible light spectrum

A

roygbiv

159
Q

Redder then red

A

Infrared rays

160
Q

Infrared rays

A

Heat by color

161
Q

Bluerer then violet

A

Ultraviolet rays

162
Q

Ultraviolet rays

A

Can not see

7 science (6 decks)

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