alex 7 science midterm test Flashcards
1
Q
Scientific method
A
Stating a problem Gathering info Suggesting an answer (hypothesis) Performing an experiment Recording the results Stating conclusions Communicate your results
2
Q
Independent variable
A
What is being tested
3
Q
Dependent variable
A
What is observed
4
Q
Controlled variable
A
Things that could change but don’t
5
Q
Ecology
A
The study of the interrelationships of living
organisms and their environment
6
Q
Ecologist
A
A person who studies ecology
7
Q
Habitat
A
The area in which an organism lives
8
Q
Environment
A
All the living and non- living conditions that act
on an organism and affect its chances of survival
9
Q
Abiotic factors
A
Non-living or physical factors
10
Q
Biotic factors
A
Living factors
11
Q
Species
A
Group of organisms that can interbreed to
produce viable offspring
12
Q
Community
A
All the organisms in a particular area at a given
time
13
Q
Population
A
The number of individuals of the same species
in a given area at a given time
14
Q
ecosystem
A
A natural unit of living and non-living parts that interact to produce a stable system in which the
exchange of materials between living and non-living parts cycle
15
Q
Biome
A
A biome is a large easily differentiated
community unit arising as a result of complex interactions of climate ,other physical factors an biotic factors examples of biomes are tundra temperate grassland desert and tropical rainforest
16
Q
Biosphere
A
The biosphere is the collective interaction of all
the biomes on the earth
17
Q
Symbiosis
A
A relationship in which two organisms of
different species ‘live together’ for a period of time
18
Q
Parasitism
A
A form of symbiosis in which one organism
derives nutrients from the second organism which suffers some harm but is usually not killed
19
Q
Mutualism
A
A form of symbiosis in which both organisms
help each other
20
Q
Commensalism
A
A form of symbiosis in which one organism helps the other organism but there is no benefit
nor harm done in return
21
Q
Predator /prey relationship
A
The relationship in which one organism hunts
and eats another
22
Q
Competition
A
A relationship where two types if organisms
compete for the same thing
23
Q
Factors effecting population
A
Available resources Activities of other organisms Organisms own characteristics Time of day or year Weather
24
Q
Adaptation
A
a characteristic of an organisms that enable it
to function more effectively or survive in its surroundings
25
5 types of adaptation
```
Structural
Color
physiological
behavioural
reproductive
```
26
structural adaptation
related to the structure of the organism
27
color adaptation
related to the color
28
physiological adaptation
related to the organisms metabolism
29
reproductive adaptation
related to the courtship mating or rearing of young
30
natural resources
the materials and products found in nature
31
need
what you need
32
want
what you want
33
primary succession
an ecosystem that is slowly starting to grow
| from nothing
34
secondary succession
an ecosystem that was a thriving ecosystem but
| got destroyed and is now growing again
35
pioneer species
new species to that land
36
original species
the original species of that land
37
climax community
a thriving ecosystem
38
bioindicater species
a species that shows us that something is wrong
| in the environment
39
biological control
to control insect pests by using their natural enemy(brining in an exotic species even thought
it may harm the original species)
40
extinction
when an animal species dies out completely
41
exterpation
when an animal species dies out in a area but
| is still alive in a different area
42
physical monitoring
uses satellites to track the changes in
| landscapes over time
43
environmental monitoring
tracks changes in climate temperature and weather patterns
44
weather
day to day
45
climate
long term
46
chemical monitoring
the quality of air soil and water
47
biological monitoring
tracks the changes in organisms or populations
| of organisms
48
sustainability
resources of nature are being renewed at least
| as quickly as they are being used
49
ecological footprint
a calculation of the total area of land and water
| needed to supply all of the materials and energy a human uses as well as the waste produces
50
3 r's
reduce
Reuse
recycle
51
consumers
organisms that eat the food made by the producers
52
producers
organisms that make there own food
53
carnivores
organisms that only eat meat
54
herbivores
organisms that only eat plants
55
omnivores
organisms that eat plants and meat
56
food chain
a sequence of feeding relationships among living organisms as they pass on food energy
57
food web
the network of feeding relationships among
| organisms
58
food pyramid
the pyramid which shows us the transfer of energy
| More mass has to be at the bottom
59
biomass
the total mass of living matter
60
energy flow
the movement of energy which originally comes
| form from the sun
61
scavenger
an organism that eats dead or decaying plant
| or animal matter
62
decomposer
organisms that break down the cells of dead or
| waste material and absorb their nutrients
63
carbon cycle
the cycle in which carbon is used and reused in
| the ecosystem
64
water cycle
the continuous movement of water through the
| biosphere
65
water cycle steps
evaporation
transportation
condensation
precipitation
66
ph.
a scale used to express acid or alkaline content
67
bioaccumulation
movement of pollutants through the levels
| of a food chain so that greater quantities are retained with movement of the food chain
68
baseline data
basic info
69
permanent plots
quadrats
70
quadrats
a small area of a larger area
71
environmental impact assessment
environmental report
72
calculating population in an ecosystem example
```
species : blue beetles ecosystem
type: forest ecosystem
size:1000m2
# of quadrats:5
each quadrats is:1m2
1rst quadrat:13 blue beetles
2nd quadrat:15 blue beetles
3rd quadrat:16 blue beetles
4th quadrat:14 blue beetle
s5th quadrat:13 blue beetles
total area of quadrats:5m2
total# of blue beetles in quadrats:71 blue beetles
71/5:14.2blue beetles per 1m2 14.2x1000:
14200blue beetles in the forest ecosystem
```
73
Standard use for comparison
Control group
74
New products or tools made because of
| knowledge gained through science
technology
75
science
The process of understanding the world
76
energy
The ability to do work or cause change. Energy
has many forms, all of which measure the ability of an object to do work on or change another object.In other words, there are different ways that an object can possess energy.
77
mechanical energy
kinetic potential
78
different forms of energy
```
Thermal, or heat energy
Chemical Energy
Electrical Energy
Electrochemical Energy
Electromagnetic Energy (light)
Sound Energy
Nuclear Energy
```
79
potential energy
Potential energy is energy due to position or
| stored energy. Potential energy is also called gravitational potential energy.
80
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Kinetic
| energy is measured by how much is work done to put an object in motion or to rest.
81
Conservation of Energy law
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be changed from one of form of energy to another form. The amount of energy stays the same.
82
Temperature
How hot or cold it is.
83
Heat
The amount of thermal energy, measured in joules or J. exampleA cup of hot tea has heat
energy in the form of kinetic energy from its particles.
84
Matter
Anything that moves
| Anything that takes up space
85
3 types of matter
Solid
Liquid
gas
86
how does matter change
```
freezing
Melting
boiling
Condensing
Evaporation
sublimation
```
87
evaporation
particles in a liquid escape to form a
vapour.Evaporation can occur at any temperature but it occurs most rapidly at a liquid’s boiling point.The particles that escape take some energy from the remaining particles and so the temperature of the liquid falls.
88
The Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy is always conserved, it is never "lost" or "wasted“.Some energy transfers are useful and some are not.
89
The particle model
All substances are made up of particles (atoms, ions or molecules).These particles are attracted
to each other, some strongly and others weakly.These particles move around (i.e. have kinetic energy).The kinetic energy of particles increases with temperature.
90
Solid to liquid
melting
91
Liquid to gas
evaporation
92
Gas to solid
sublimation
93
Solid to gas
sublimation
94
Gas to liquid
condensation
95
Liquid to solid
freezing
96
Types of thermometers
Thermo couple
Bimetallic strip
recording thermometer
Inferred thermo gram
97
malleable
bendable
98
ductility
strech
99
Parts of a thermometer
Sensor
Signal
responder
100
Boiling point water kelvin
373.15
101
Boiling point water Celsius
100
102
Boiling point water Fahrenheit
212
103
Melting point water kelvin
273.15
104
Melting point water Celsius
0
105
Melting point water Fahrenheit
32
106
Absolute zero kelvin
0
107
Absolute zero Celsius
-273.15
108
Absolute zero Fahrenheit
-459.67
109
Melting is also called
fusion
110
Fusion is also called
melting
111
Freezing is also called
solidification
112
Solidification is also called
freezing
113
radiation
Needs nothing to
114
conduction
solid
115
convection
fluid
116
rsi value
resistance
117
Sources of energy
```
Chemical
Geothermal
Electrical
Fossil fuels
Wind
Mechanical
Solar
nuclear
```
118
Passive solar heating
uses materials in structure to heat home
119
Active solar heating
Uses mechanical devices to heat home. Uses solar panels
120
Non-renewable resources
Millions of years to form
121
Renewable resources
Can be recycled
122
Greenhouse effect
Global warming
123
cogeneration
waste heat being used to heat buildings
124
Thermal pollution
Technology and industries release a lot of
| thermal energy into environment
125
Liquid
Gas
| liquid
126
insulators
Poor conductors
127
structures
An object hat has a define size and shape and serves a purpose or function
128
function
The main purpose of a structure or object
129
force
A stress that causes an object to change shape or direction of movement
130
stress
Push
| pull
131
load
The weight carried or supported by an object
132
weight
The amount of force that is exerted on an object by gravity
133
mass
The amount of matter in an object
134
Natural structures
Structures that are not made by people
135
Manufactured structures
Structures that are built by people
136
Mass structures
A natural or manufactured structure that is made up by the piling up not materials
137
frame structure
A type of structure in which the skeleton or frame supporters the weight of the other parts
138
shell structure
A type of structure that obtains its strength from a thin carefully shaped outer layer of material and that requires no internal frame
139
Mix and match
A type of structure that has a combination of structures
140
Qualitative observations
The observation in words
141
Quantitative observations
The observation in numbers
142
Left side of table is always
x axis
143
Right side or sides are always
y axis
144
In the ph scale where is acid rain on it
3-5
145
Plateau effect
In a graph When the particles are changing state from one to another there is a straight line that you can see
146
Evaporative cooling
sweat
147
Specific heat capacity
How long a substance can retain its heat
148
Each material ...
Expands and contracts at a different rate
149
fluid
Gas
| liquid
150
Where should you have your windows in Calgary
south
151
bio
living
152
Where and how is plasma produced
Only produced on earth on normal conditions of heat and pressure
153
The transfer of energy that does not require matter is
radiation
154
States of matter that can not be compressed
Solid
| liquid
155
which state of mater heat up faster
solid
156
Fridges and air conditioners are what
Heat pumps
157
Roygbiv
```
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
```
158
Visible light spectrum
roygbiv
159
Redder then red
Infrared rays
160
Infrared rays
Heat by color
161
Bluerer then violet
Ultraviolet rays
162
Ultraviolet rays
Can not see
