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NPB 130 M2 > Aldosterone > Flashcards

Aldosterone Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal cortex is organized into 3 distinct zones

A
  1. zona glomerulosa
  2. Zona fasciculata
  3. zona reticularis
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2
Q

Importance of Aldosterone

A

essential to sodium retention
in 3 primary tissues: principal cells (kidney, large intestine, sweat glands)

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3
Q

2 types of salt retention by the kidney

A

regulated + non-regulated (countercurrent system&raquo_space; osmotic gradient)

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4
Q

major site of mineralocorticoid activity

A

Kidney

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5
Q

What happens when aldosterone binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in target cell?

A

affects transcriptional changes (typical of steroid hormone action)

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6
Q

What retains Na+ and H2O in the body

A

aldosterone stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the collecting ducts

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7
Q

what does Aldosterone cause in the kidney

A

increase blood pressure by increasing extracellular fluid volume
increase urine excretion of K+ and H+

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8
Q

main function of aldosterone is to

A

sustain extracellular fluid volume by conserving body sodium

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9
Q

when body sodium is depleted

A

the fall in extracellular fluid and plasma volume decreases renal arterial blood flow and pressure (activating RAA system)

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10
Q

Aldosterone is largely secreted in response to

A

signals that arise from the kidney when a reduction in circulating fluid volume is sensed

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11
Q

Aldosterone facilitates ….

A

clearance of potassium from the extracellular fluid

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12
Q

potassium stimulates

A

aldosterone synthesis
- providing feedback control mechanism to control potassium levels

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13
Q

potassium depletion

A

reduced aldosterone secretion

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14
Q

stimulation of aldosterone synthesis by potassium

A

depolarization of zona glomerulosa cell membrane
- causing Ca+2 voltage changes to increase in intracellular Ca 2+ stimulates expression of P450aldo

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15
Q

regulation of aldosterone

A

+
Potassium (main)
Angiotensin 2 (main)
ACTH (not so much)

-
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide

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16
Q

RAA

A

Renin- Angiotensin - Aldosterone system

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17
Q

Granular juxtaglomerular cells are going to feel

A

Blood pressure

18
Q

Macula Densa sense

A

Sodium levels

19
Q

What stimulates the release of renin

A

Low blood pressure and low sodium levels

20
Q

Renin is produced in

A

juxtaglomerular cells

21
Q

Enzyme made by the liver

A

angiotensinogen

22
Q

What makes Angiotensin 1

A

conversion btw Angiotensinogen and renin

23
Q

What makes Angiotensin 2

A

Angiotensin 1 with ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)

24
Q

Angiotensin 2 is potent in controlling

A
  • increasing blood pressure
  • stimulating NEP by neurons $ adrenal medulla
  • reabsorption of K+
  • also helps also aldosterone secretion
  • AVP to help with H2O absorption
  • water absorption
25
Q

angiotensin 3

A

potent pressor hormone controls aldosterone

26
Q

how to get angiotensin 2 to 3

A

amino peptidase A

27
Q

Angiotensin 2 &3 effects

A

increase
- aldosterone synthesis and secretion
- vasoconstriction
- release of AVP
- release of adrenal catecholamines
- central sympathetic outflow

28
Q

Angiotensin 2 goal

A

maintain normal extracellular volume and blood

29
Q

increasing transcription of P450aldo

A

increases aldosterone production

30
Q

increasing vasoconstriction

A

increase blood pressure and renal blood flow (decrease renin)

31
Q

Release EPI and NEP from

A

adrenal medulla

32
Q

angiotensin 2 enhance activity of the

A

sympathetic nervous system and NE release in nerve terminals

33
Q

promote release of AVP

A

increase water reabsorption in collecting ducts

34
Q

Angiotensin 2 receptors

A

AT1 & AT2

35
Q

AT1

A
  • adrenal, cardiovascular, renal effects
  • Gq&raquo_space; Ca+2 to elicit response
36
Q

AT2

A

associated with effects NOT related with aldosterone

37
Q

Regulation of aldosterone
(if you have tooo much)

A

Atrial natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

38
Q

as a result of volume expansion , atrial myocytes secrete

A

ANP&raquo_space; binds to receptors in the zona G. to inhibit aldosterone synthesis

39
Q

ANP counterbalance the effect of

A

RAA on aldosterone secretion
- ANP acts by increasing cGMP (opposes cAMP & inhibits aldosterone)
- ANP also reduces aldosterone indirectly by inhibiting renin release

40
Q
A

NPB 130 M2 (4 decks)

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