Aldehydes And Ketones

Question 1

Aldehydes

Answer 1

The function group is found at the end of the chain;hence, there’s no need to indicate its position

Question 2

Aldehydes

Answer 2

For substituted aldehydes, the carbonyl carbon is allotted position 1

Question 3

Aldehydes

Answer 3

The aldehyde group has priority over double bonds or a hydroxy group in numbering and naming

Question 4

Aldehydes

Answer 4

In compounds, they turn all other groups into substituents.

Question 5

Ketones

Answer 5

Carbonyl carbon is given the least position number

Question 6

Aldehydes and Ketones

Answer 6

They have higher boiling points than other hydrocarbons of similar weight but lesser boiling points than alchols

Question 7

Aldehydes and ketones

Answer 7

They are soluble in water

Question 8

Carbonyls

Answer 8

Mostly undergo nucleophilic addition on the carbonyl carbon usually accompanied by protonation of the oxygen

Question 9

Preparations of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 9

1.Oxidation of alcohols: primary alcohols =aldehydes
Secondary alcohols =ketones
Tertiary alcohols =no rnx.

NB: Dichromate test for alcohols

Question 10

Preparations of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 10

1.Oxidation of alcohols
2. Hydration of alkenes
3.Friedel-craft’s acylation

Question 11

Oxidation

Answer 11

Oxidation of aldehydes gives carboxylic acids

Question 12

Hydrogenation

Answer 12

1. Hydrogenation of aldehydes gives primary alcohols
   2.Hydrogenation oh ketones gives secondary alcohols

Question 13

Aldol condensation

Answer 13

The reaction between two aldehydes or ketones in the presence of weak acids or bases to form B-hydroxyaldehyde or B-hydroxyketone.
The aldol easily loses water and forms a double bond