Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Flashcards

1
Q

Alcohol

A

contains a -OH attached to a carbon chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phenol

A

contains a -OH attached to a benzene ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alcohol classification

A

number of alkyl groups attached to carbon bonded to a hydroxyl

  1. Primary (1º)
  2. Secondary (2º)
  3. Tertiary (3º)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Guide to Naming Alcohols

A
Step 1
Name longest chain with -OH group
Step 2
Number longest chain closer to -OH group
Step 3
Name substituents from -OH
Step 4
Name a cyclic alcohol as cyclo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thiols

A

organic compounds that contain a -SH group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thiol Properties

A

have strong odors

  • are used to detect gas leaks
  • found in onions, oysters, and garlic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ethers

A

contain an -O- between two carbon groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Simple Ether Naming

A

named by listing the alkyl names in alphabetical order followed by ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anesthetics

A

inhibit pain signals to the brain such as ethyl ether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cyclic Ether

A

contains an O atom in a carbon ring, is called a heterocyclic compound. Typically 5 - furan or 6 - pyran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Guide to naming ethers

A

Step 1
write the alkane name of the longer carbon chain

Step 2
Name the oxygen and smaller alkyl group as an alkoxy group

Step 3
Number the longer chain from the end nearer the alkoxy group and give its location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The boiling point of alcohols

A

contain a strongly electronegative O in the OH

  • hydrogen bonding
  • have higher boiling points than alkanes and ethers of similar mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The boiling point of ethers

A

have an O atom, but no H is attached.

  • no hydrogen bonding
  • have boiling points similar to alkanes of similar mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Solubility of alcohols and ethers in water

A

more soluble in water than alkanes because oxygen bond with hydrogen atoms in water
-alcohols with 1-4 Carbon atoms are soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phenol

A

soluble in water and has an hydroxyl group that ionizes slightly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Combustion

A

the reaction of an alcohol with O2 to produce CO2 and H2O

17
Q

Dehydration of alcohol

A

occurs when heated with an acid catalyst and with the loss of an -H and -OH from the adjacent carbon atoms.

alcohol –> alkene

18
Q

Sayteff’s Rule

A

the dehydration of secondary alcohol favors product with the smaller number of H atoms

19
Q

Formation of Ethers

A

Ethers form when dehydration takes place at low temperature

20
Q

Oxidation

A

process of increase in number of C-O bonds

loss of H

21
Q

Reduction

A

process of decrease in number of C-O bones

increase of H

22
Q

Oxidation-Reduction Map

A

Alkane -> 1 Alcohol -> Aldehyde -> Carboxylic Acid

2 Alcohol -> Ketone

23
Q

Primary alcohol oxidized

A

one H is removed from -OH another -H is removed from the carbon bonded to -OH

aldehyde is produced

24
Q

Secondary alcohol oxidized

A

one H is removed from -OH, another -H is removed from the carbon bonded to the -OH.

produces a ketone
one H is removed from -OH, another -H is removed from the carbon bonded to the -OH.

produces a ketone

25
Tertiary alcohol oxidized
do not readily oxidize, no room for O to bond to
26
Oxidation of ethanol in the body
ethanol is oxidized by enzymes in the liver. aldehyde product impairs coordination ethanol is oxidized by enzymes in the liver. aldehyde product impairs coordination
27
Ethanol
acts as a depressant, kills more people than any other drug. 12-15mg/dL social drinker 30mg/dL by alcoholic .4= coma/death
28
Oxidation of Thiols
An H atom is lost from two -SH groups, product is disulfide.