Alcohols Phenols and Ethers

Question 1

Alcohol

Answer 1

contains a -OH attached to a carbon chain

Question 2

Phenol

Answer 2

contains a -OH attached to a benzene ring

Question 3

Alcohol classification

Answer 3

number of alkyl groups attached to carbon bonded to a hydroxyl

1. Primary (1º)
2. Secondary (2º)
3. Tertiary (3º)

Question 4

Guide to Naming Alcohols

Answer 4

Step 1
Name longest chain with -OH group
Step 2
Number longest chain closer to -OH group
Step 3
Name substituents from -OH
Step 4
Name a cyclic alcohol as cyclo

Question 5

Thiols

Answer 5

organic compounds that contain a -SH group

Question 6

Thiol Properties

Answer 6

have strong odors

• are used to detect gas leaks
• found in onions, oysters, and garlic

Question 7

Ethers

Answer 7

contain an -O- between two carbon groups

Question 8

Simple Ether Naming

Answer 8

named by listing the alkyl names in alphabetical order followed by ether

Question 9

Anesthetics

Answer 9

inhibit pain signals to the brain such as ethyl ether

Question 10

Cyclic Ether

Answer 10

contains an O atom in a carbon ring, is called a heterocyclic compound. Typically 5 - furan or 6 - pyran

Question 11

Guide to naming ethers

Answer 11

Step 1
write the alkane name of the longer carbon chain

Step 2
Name the oxygen and smaller alkyl group as an alkoxy group

Step 3
Number the longer chain from the end nearer the alkoxy group and give its location

Question 12

The boiling point of alcohols

Answer 12

contain a strongly electronegative O in the OH

• hydrogen bonding
• have higher boiling points than alkanes and ethers of similar mass

Question 13

The boiling point of ethers

Answer 13

have an O atom, but no H is attached.

• no hydrogen bonding
• have boiling points similar to alkanes of similar mass

Question 14

Solubility of alcohols and ethers in water

Answer 14

more soluble in water than alkanes because oxygen bond with hydrogen atoms in water
-alcohols with 1-4 Carbon atoms are soluble

Question 15

Phenol

Answer 15

soluble in water and has an hydroxyl group that ionizes slightly.

Question 16

Combustion

Answer 16

the reaction of an alcohol with O2 to produce CO2 and H2O

Question 17

Dehydration of alcohol

Answer 17

occurs when heated with an acid catalyst and with the loss of an -H and -OH from the adjacent carbon atoms.

alcohol –> alkene

Question 18

Sayteff’s Rule

Answer 18

the dehydration of secondary alcohol favors product with the smaller number of H atoms

Question 19

Formation of Ethers

Answer 19

Ethers form when dehydration takes place at low temperature

Question 20

Oxidation

Answer 20

process of increase in number of C-O bonds

loss of H

Question 21

Reduction

Answer 21

process of decrease in number of C-O bones

increase of H

Question 22

Oxidation-Reduction Map

Answer 22

Alkane -> 1 Alcohol -> Aldehyde -> Carboxylic Acid

2 Alcohol -> Ketone

Question 23

Primary alcohol oxidized

Answer 23

one H is removed from -OH another -H is removed from the carbon bonded to -OH

aldehyde is produced

Question 24

Secondary alcohol oxidized

Answer 24

one H is removed from -OH, another -H is removed from the carbon bonded to the -OH.

produces a ketone
one H is removed from -OH, another -H is removed from the carbon bonded to the -OH.

produces a ketone

Question 25

Tertiary alcohol oxidized

Answer 25

do not readily oxidize, no room for O to bond to

Question 26

Oxidation of ethanol in the body

Answer 26

ethanol is oxidized by enzymes in the liver.
aldehyde product impairs coordination
ethanol is oxidized by enzymes in the liver.
aldehyde product impairs coordination

Question 27

Ethanol

Answer 27

acts as a depressant, kills more people than any other drug.
12-15mg/dL social drinker
30mg/dL by alcoholic

.4= coma/death

Question 28

Oxidation of Thiols

Answer 28

An H atom is lost from two -SH groups, product is disulfide.