alcohols n phenols Flashcards
can form 2 single bonds or 1 double bond
oxygen atom
have 4 bonds
carbon atom
forms one bond
hydrogen atom
an organic compound in which an -OH group is bonded to a saturated carbon
alcohol
general formula of R-OH
alcohol
alkyl group is a hydrocarbon group w/ a name ending in “-yl” is represented by
R
-OH represents
alcohol functional group
same carbon skeleton n same functional group but differ in the location of the functional groups in the carbon chain
positional isomers
same functional group but differ from each other in the connectivity of the carbon skeleton
skeletal isomers
constitutional isomerism is possible in alcohols if
3 or more atoms are present
methyl alcohol
simplest - CH3OH
colorless
wood alcohol
fuel by race cars
produced from the rxn of H2 n CO
toxic to human body
ethyl alcohol
CH3CH2OH
two carbon monohydroxy alcohol
present in alcoholic beverages
drinking/grain alcohol
acetaldehyde - when oxidized
fermentation - process of producing alcoholic beverages from ethanol
isopropyl alcohol
CH3CH(CH3)OH
rubbing alcohol
dramatic cooling effect
bitter taste
induces vomiting
acetone - when oxidized
ethylene glycol
1,2-ethanediol - HOCH2CH2OH
extremely toxic
oxalic acid - when oxidized
main ingredient - antifreeze n airplane “di-icers”
propylene glycol
1,2-propanediol - CH3CH(OH)CH2(OH)
nontoxic
solvent for drugs
pyruvic acid (carbohydrates metabolism)- when oxidized
found in human body
glycerol
1,2,3-propanetriol - CH2(OH)CH(OH)CH2(OH)
clear, thick liquid (honey like consistency)
product of fat metabolism
has lubricant properties
used in candies, icings, flowers
biological antifreeze
physical properties
hydroxyl group (OH) - polar
alkyl group (R) - non polar
higher boiling points n solubility
than alkanes w/ similar molecular mass
alcohol chain increases (alkane like)
solubility decreases
hydroxyl - bearing carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atom
secondary alcohol
hydroxyl - bearing carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atom
tertiary alcohol
combustion of alcohol products
carbon dioxide + water
halogen atom is substituted for the hydroxyl group, thus, producing alkyl halide
halogenation
common oxidizing agent
KmnO4
potassium permanganate
breaks off hydrogen bonds, carbon will form double bonds w/ oxygen n liberates 2 hydrogen atoms
oxidation of alcohol
a chemical reaction in which the components of water (H n OH) are removed from a single/two reactant/s
dehydration
An -OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is part of an aromatic compound
phenol
general formula for phenol
AR-OH
an aromatic carbon ring system from which one hydrogen atom has been removed
aryl group (Ar)
properties of phenol
colorless w/ medical odor
oily at room temp
slightly soluble
melting point - 410°c
flammable
cannot be dehydrated
can be oxidized - using a strong oxidizing agent
can undergo halogenation
