Alcohols & Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
What is the general formula of alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
What functional group do alcohols contain?
A hydroxyl functional group (-OH)
What are the key properties of alcohol?
They are flammable and undergo complete combustion in air to produce carbon dioxide and water vapour.
What are methanol, ethanol and propanol?
Miscible in water - which means they can be mixed with water to make a solution.
From butanol onwards, what happens?
The solubility of water decreases as molecules get larger.
As alcohols increase what else does and why?
Melting and boiling points because intermolecular forces get stronger.
What are alcohols like methanol and ethanol used for?
As solvents as they dissolve things water can, but also substances water can’t - e.g. hydrocarbons, oils and fats.
Why are alcohols used as fuels?
As they are highly flammable and burn with a clean flame (e.g. ethanol is used for spirit burners)
What functional group is in a carboxylic acid?
A carboxyl functional group. (- COOH)
What is the general formula of a carboxylic acid?
CnH2n+COOH.
What are carboxylic acids used to make?
Preservatives, soaps, and medicines. (e.g. vinegar is a solution of ethanoic acids and is a cleaning product as its non-toxic)
What happens as size increases of a carboxylic acid?
The melting and boiling points increase as intermolecular forces get stronger?
What is common with the first four carboxylic acids?
They are miscible in water , but their solubility decreases as size increases.
What is the pH of carboxylic acids?
Below 7.
What can carboxylic acids form?
Salts.
In a salt, where does the first part of a name come from?
The metal ion.
In a salt, where does the 2nd part of the name come from?
The carboxylic acids and ends in -anoate. (e.g: methanoic = methanoate)
What do carboyxlic acids react with an aqueous metal carbonate to form?
A salt, water and carbon dioxide.
What do aqueous carboxylic acids react with metal oxides and metal hydroxides to produce?
A salt and a water?
