Alcohols, acids, esters, fats/oils

Question 1

What is the mole ratio of glycerol molecules and fatty acids

Answer 1

1:3

Question 2

What test could be used to distinguish fats from oils

Answer 2

unsaturated compounds quickly decolourise bromine solution

Question 3

Glycerol can be obtained from fats by which process

Answer 3

hydrolysis

Question 4

What name is given to the type fo chemical reaction used to produce soaps from oils and fats

Answer 4

hydrolysis

Question 5

What two products are formed when a fat/oil reacts with sodium hydroxide

Answer 5

glycerol and soap

Question 6

Describe volatile molecules

Answer 6

small with weak bonds between molecules

Question 7

How are esters formed

Answer 7

condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

Question 8

How can an ester be broken up

Answer 8

heating the ester with an alkali
e.g sodium hydroxide

Question 9

What reaction breaks esters up

Answer 9

hydrolysis

Question 10

Name the type of reaction that breaks down fats into fatty acids

Answer 10

hydrolysis

Question 11

State a product that is formed when fats are broken down to fatty acids

Answer 11

glycerol

Question 12

What can happen to an aldehyde that will cause the oil to develop an unpleasant taste

Answer 12

Will react with oxygen
Forming a carboxylic acid which has unpleasant taste

Question 13

Name the type of reaction that takes place when glucose is converted into an acid

Answer 13

oxidation

Question 14

State the name that is given to molecules consisting of joined isoprene units

Answer 14

terpenes

Question 15

What happens to triglyceride molecules during the hardening of an oil

Answer 15

the molecule becomes saturated

Question 16

Give one reason why oils can be a useful part of a balanced diet

Answer 16

energy storage

Question 17

What is the systemic name for glycerol

Answer 17

propan-1,2,3-triol

Question 18

Describe fats and oil

Answer 18

a concentrated source of energy
essential for the transport and storage of fat soluble vitamins in the body

Question 19

Name the type of reaction used to form fat molecules from fatty
acids and glycerol.

Answer 19

condensation

Question 20

Explain why primary alcohols have a higher boiling point than secondary alcohols

Answer 20

primary alcohols have the hydroxyl group on the end carbon which results in stronger hydrogen bonding than in secondary alcohols

Question 21

explain why diols and triols are more soluble in water than alcohols with only a single hydroxyl group

Answer 21

they have more hydroxyl groups the more hydroxyl groups a molecule has the easier it is to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules so the more soluble it is

Question 22

Describe hydrolysis

Answer 22

molecule reacts with water to break down into smaller products

Question 23

What is the name of the acid formed when a fat or oil is hydrolysed

Answer 23

fatty acid

Question 24

how are edible oils and edible fats formed

Answer 24

condensation reaction of glycerol and three carboxylic acid molecules

Question 25

Why do edible oils have a lower melting point than edible fats

Answer 25

double bonds in fatty acid chains prevent oil molecules from packing closely together, so the greater the number of double bonds present the weaker the van der waals forces of attraction. the greater the degree of unsaturation the lower the melting point

Question 26

What functional group do fats and oils have

Answer 26

ester link

Question 27

Describe the difference between a primary secondary and tertiary alcohol

Answer 27

primary alcohols hydroxyl group is attached to one other carbon. secondary alcohols hydroxyl group is attached to two other carbons. tertiary alcohols hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon with three other carbons attached.

Question 28

When a fat is hydrolysed using sodium hydroxide sodium salts of fatty acids are produced state a use for sodium salts of fatty acids

Answer 28

soap

Question 29

What are fats/ grease broken down to

Answer 29

broken down to form glycerol and fatty acids in a 1:3 ratio

Question 30

State a property of essential oils

Answer 30

non water soluble volatile aroma

Question 31

How are fats and oils produced

Answer 31

condensation reaction between fatty acids and glycerol

Question 32

What are essential oils composed of

Answer 32

terpenes

Question 33

What is the name given to fat and oil esters

Answer 33

triglycerides

Question 34

name the molecule on which terpenes are based

Answer 34

isoprene