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Chemistry > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

How are chloroalkanes produced

A

react alcohols with PCl5 or HCl

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2
Q

Equation for alcohol reacting with PCl5

A

ROH + PCl5 –> RCL + HCl + POCl3

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3
Q

equation for alcohol reacting with HCl

A

ROH + HCl –> RCl + H2O

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4
Q

what structure of alcohol reacts fastest with HCl

A

Tertiary structure

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5
Q

What structure of alcohol reacts slowest with HCl

A

Primary

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6
Q

In what type of reaction do bromide ions and alcohols react

A

substitution reaction

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7
Q

How do you make iodoalkanes from an alcohol

A

reacting it with PI3

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8
Q

equation for alcohol reacting with PI3

A

3ROH + PI3 –> 3RI + H3PO3

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9
Q

How do you form an alkene from an alcohol

A

eliminate water by dehydrating it

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10
Q

what type of reaction forms an alkene from an alcohol

A

elimination reaction

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11
Q

how is and alkene formed from an alcohol

A

mix the alcohol with an acid catalyst eg H3PO4 and heat it

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12
Q

What is the general formula for an alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

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13
Q

how do you make a bromoalkane from from an alcohol

A

react with a compound containing a bromide ion eg NaBr, and add an acid catalyst eg 50% concentrated H2SO4

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14
Q

What is the simplest way to oxidise an alcohol

A

burn it

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15
Q

What is a combustion reaction

A

when C-C and C-H bonds break and the alcohol is completely oxidised to make CO2 and water

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16
Q

What do primary alcohols oxidise to

A

aldehydes and carboxylic acid

17
Q

What do secondary alcohols oxidise to

A

ketones only

18
Q

what do tertiary alcohols oxidise to

A

they won’t be oxidised

19
Q

name an oxidising agent used to mildly oxidise alcohols

A

acidified dichromate Cr2O7

20
Q

What colour change occurs when the dichromate ion is reduced to a chromium ion

A

orange to green

21
Q

what is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone

A

aldehydes have a hydrogen and one alkyl group / ketones have two alkyl groups

22
Q

How do you test is a compound is aldehyde or ketone

A

benedicts solution or fehlings solution. aldehyde makes brick red precipitate and ketone has no change as it can’t be oxidised easily

23
Q

What happens if you oxidise a primary alcohol twice

A

first form an aldehyde which is the oxidised to form a carboxylic acid

24
Q

how do you form an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid

A

aldehyde is distilled so gently heated / carboxylic is refluxed so vigorously heated

25
Q

how do you form a ketone

A

reflux a secondary alcohol

26
Q

why can’t ketones produce anything more if you continue to reflux them

A

They can’t oxidise easily so can’t produce anything more

27
Q

How would you oxidise a tertiary alcohol

A

you would burn it

Chemistry (6 decks)

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