Alcohols Flashcards
What is the functional group of alcohols?
-OH
The ‘-OH’ group is known as the hydroxyl group, which characterizes alcohols.
What is the general formula for alcohols?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH
This formula illustrates the relationship between the number of carbon atoms (n) and the structure of alcohols.
What are the products of the reaction of alkene with steam and a catalyst?
Alcohols
This reaction can also involve yeast for anaerobic respiration.
What are the combustion products of alcohols?
CO₂ and H₂O
Complete combustion of alcohols typically produces carbon dioxide and water.
What is the reaction equation for complete combustion of butanol?
C₄H₉OH + 6O₂ → 4CO₂ + 5H₂O
This equation represents the complete combustion of butanol.
What happens to alcohols when oxidized?
They can form carboxylic acids
Oxidation can potentially be achieved using acidified potassium dichromate.
What is the characteristic color change when alcohols are oxidized?
Yellow-green
This color change indicates the presence of chromate ions during oxidation.
What is formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid?
Ester
This reaction is known as esterification.
Define primary alcohol.
-OH at the end of the chain
An example is butan-1-ol.
Define secondary alcohol.
-OH on the chain but not at a branch point
An example is butan-2-ol.
Define tertiary alcohol.
-OH at a branch point
An example is 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
What are the conditions required for the hydration of alkenes to form alcohols?
Alkene, steam, and phosphoric acid catalyst
This process is known as hydration.
What is the bond angle in alcohols due to the repulsion of lone pairs?
Approximately 210.5°
This angle is influenced by the presence of lone pairs on the oxygen atom.
