Alcohols Flashcards
What bonds are there in an alcohol
?
Hydrogen bonds
Describe the solubility trend of alcohols
With an increase in chain length the alcohols become more and more like the alkane therefore decreasing in solubility
What is a primary alcohol? Give an example
When the OH group is attached to a carbon which is attached to another carbon
butan-1-ol
What is secondary alcohol?
Eg?
When OH Group is bonded to a carbon bonded to two other carbons
butan-2-ol
Tertiary?
Eg
OH attached to a carbon bonded to three other carbons
2-methylpropan-2-ol
Ethanol to ethanal?
Oxidation with potassium dichromate
Green to orange
To form an aldehyde
Ethanol to ethanoic acid ?
Oxidation with K2Cr2O7
Green to orange
Under reflux
Carbolic acid
Secondary alcohols under reflux?
Turn into ketones
Under reflux
What’s reflux?
Safe method for heating volatile liquids
Vertically mounted so that the vapours can condense and return back
What are the two carbonyls
Aldehydes and ketones
C=O
Aldehydes
C=O at the end of the chain
Ketones
C=O in the middle of the chain
Describe dehydration of alcohols
They form alkenes
Water is removed - hydrolysis
It’s an elimination reaction
Happens with Al2O3 at 300C or reflux withConc sulfuric acid
How do alcohols form haloalkanes
through nucleophilic substitution
In the presence of a strong acid
esterification with carbolic acid?
Carboxylic acid + alcohol—> ester + water
With conc HCL or H2SO4
